1. Rome the Republic

2. Government Republic 2 elected consuls were the head Senate Assembly
Served a one-year term
Controlled the army
Senate
Leaders from the Patricians
Law-makers
Controlled spending
Chosen by Consuls
Served for life
300 seats
Assembly
Plebeians
Had limited power BUT they elected the consuls
Consuls had to gain support of the plebeian class

3. SPQR Senatus Populus Que Romanus
Chiseled on public buildings, armor, coins, park benches
Anything that belonged to the state
“The Senate and the People of Rome”
Kings were no longer in charge

4. The Forum Main marketplace and business center
Banking, trading, shopping, and marketing
Also a place for public speaking
Great orators
Argued persuasively
Festivals and religious ceremonies
Go to a temple to leave a gift for one of their gods

5. Roman Baths At least once a day Included:
Hot and cold pools
Slaves to wait on you
Steam rooms
Saunas
Exercise rooms
Hair salons
Reading rooms
Think of is as a large mall with bathing pools
900 public baths in Rome
Part of daily life
Kids couldn’t use them
There was an admission charge
Slaves couldn’t use them
But people brought their slaves as attendants

6. Roman Legion Legion Uniform Service 5000 men
Each had a banner, leader, number and nickname
Uniform
Rectangular shield
Short sword
Dagger
Metal jacket
Helmet
Belt
Kilt
Shirt
Hobnailed sandals
Service
Legionary served for 25 years
Retirement
Given land and a pension
Gave retired military a place to call home in the country that they would defend
Placed loyal military men all over the provinces

7. Roman Roads “All roads lead to Rome” It was true!
Rome was the heart of the republic
Each time a new city was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome
Milestones told how far it was to Rome

8. Hannibal & Carthage
Carthage- ancient city-state in North Africa- 300 miles from Rome
First Punic War
Carthage controlled 3 islands off Italy’s coast
Rome wanted Carthage to join its republic
Fought for 20 years
Neither won
Rome took Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica
Hannibal
9-year-old son of the general at the First Punic War- vowed to make Rome pay
Clever general
Snakes plan
Wanted to conquer all of Spain
Not this creepy one…
But this one

9. Second Punic War Second Punic War
Spanish city asked for help but Rome attacked Carthage instead of Hannibal
Hannibal planned to march 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 calvary, and 37 elephants from Spain
Route was more rugged than he expected
Carthage agreed to peace terms
Carthage changed their mind and Rome defeated Carthage but didn’t catch Hannibal
Second set of peace terms:
Carthage leave Spain, Gaul and Italy
Reduce their navy to 10 warships
Pay 10,000 talents in war damages in 50 annual payments over 50 years
Rome finally caught up with Hannibal but he swallowed poison rather than surrender (he was 64)

10. Julius Caesar Month of July named after him
People trusted him and believed he could solve Rome’s problems
Problems of the Republic
Crime
Taxes
Hunger
Unemployment
Slave labor dependency
Spoke openly about problems and solutions
Leaders in the Senate were afraid Caesar would take power and rule as a king
Entered Rome in 49 BCE with Roman Legion to take over the government
Poor people were glad; Senate was furious

11. Julius Caesar
Caesar defeated Pompey and the Senate’s forces and became the master of Rome
Improvements
Relieved debt
Enlarged the Senate
Built the Forum Iulium
Revised the calendar
Assassinated by a group of Senators led by Cassius and Brutus on the Ides of March (15) 44 BCE
Assassination sparked civil wars that ended the Republic and Caesar’s great nephew, Octavian, became the first emperor of Rome