1. WORLD WAR II Versailles Treaties Primary Goals: Result?
Redraw map of Europe to account for ethnicity/self-determination
Extremely difficult to do (border disputes)
Web of restraint around Germany (Attempt to solve German Question once and for all)
Result?
Goals never really achieved

2. W.W.II CAUSES Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Why does the treaty fail?
Allies failed to achieve complete victory
Extreme nationalism survives in Germany
Peace terms unacceptable to German population
Germany still stronger than Fr. + G.B.
Post-war weakness of allies
No U.S. there to stop nationalistic movements
Economic crisis (depression)
End Result...Rise of extremist groups

3. CAUSES Cont. Rise of Extremists Groups
Why?
Economic Catastrophe (Worldwide Depression)
Present Governments unable to solve crisis – people look to radical groups
Communists or Fascists (both advocate state control)
Russia - Lenin (Bolsheviks - Communists/Marxists)
Italy - Mussolini (Fascists)
Japan – Hirohito (Militarists)
Germany – Hitler (Nazis)
1932 Hitler runs for president
loses
1933 Hitler appointed chancellor (Hindenburg reluctantly agrees)
Consolidates power after Reichstag building burned.
Enabling Act – allows Hitler to ignore constitution and make laws to solve countries problems (supposed to give power back after 4 years – Does not!)

4. What is Fascism? Definitions vary Aspects common with Fascist States
Cult of the charismatic leader
(Mussolini/Hitler)
Propaganda (mass demonstrations and rallies)
Glorification of military and violence
Combination of elitism and appeal to masses
Promises many things to many different people
Economics – NAZI (NSDAP = National Socialists German Workers Party)
Dislike Communists (Rival Group) but economics are similar
both are Statists and share far more similarities than differences (believe in command economies)
NOT Capitalists (at least not free-market capitalists) the Nazis and other fascists detest them too (WANT CONTROL!)

5. CAUSES Cont.

6. Axis Expansion Japan- Italy Germany Manchuria (1931) China (1937)
Japan withdraws from League of nations
China (1937)
Italy
Ethiopia (1935)
Albania (1939)
Germany
Rhineland (1936)
Austria (1938) – anschluss “connection” - annexation
Sudetenland (1938)

7. Axis expansion (cont.) Munich Conference (1938)
Axis Expansion creates unstable environment
not supposed to be taking place but is permitted anyway
Munich Conference (1938)
WHAT TO DO WITH SUDETENLAND? -NO CZECHS INVITED TO CONFERENCE
Allies Decide to appease hitler

8. APPEASEMENT Giving into aggression to avoid further hostility
effective strategy?
No – Actually makes situation worse
Aggressive nations will take advantage until someone stops them
Why do the allies do this?
Horrors of W.W.I.
Unstable economy in Europe
Versailles treaty too harsh
Stalin considered a greater threat?
Result = expansion allowed
Germany invades rest of Czechoslovakia (1939)
Allowed to do so but warned about poland

9. OTHER CAUSES War declared on sept. 3rd UNITED STATES U.S.S.R.
ISOLATIONISM (allows for rise of Nazis and other radical groups)
Tension (U.S. and Japanese Expansion = Sanctions)
U.S.S.R.
NAZI-SOVIET non-aggression PACT
ALLOWS HITLER TO INVADE POLAND
Hitler invades Poland Sept. 1st (1939)
War declared on sept. 3rd
Blitzkrieg – lightning war

10. WORLD WAR II

11. European Theater Germans invade: Denmark and Norway in April 1940
Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands and France in May 1940
France falls in June 1940 (Dunkirk)
Battle of Britain begins in July/40
Luftwaffe – “Air Weapon”
North Africa (Italy invades September/40 – Britain counters in Dec./40 Germans reinforce Feb./41) (Erwin Rommel)
Operation Barbarossa begins June/41
Einsatzgruppe

12. Liberation of France (June 1944)
Key Turning Points in European Theater(Mid )
El Alamein (N. Africa)
Stalingrad
(Battle of Kursk)
Liberation of France (June 1944)
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
VE Day (Fall of Berlin) 05/07/1945

13. Asian (Pacific) Theater
Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941
Japanese invade several islands; establish extensive empire by 1942
Key Turning Points (Mid 1942)
Coral Sea; Midway; Guadalcanal
map
Island Hopping (Iwo Jima)
Okinawa
Kamikazes
Hiroshima (8/6/45) and Nagasaki (8/9/45)
VJ Day (08/14/1945)

14. EFFECTS OF W. W. II Civilian and Military Losses
60+ Million Dead (100+ Million btn. 2 Wars)
Widespread Devastation
Europe and Japan destroyed (major cities – Berlin, London, Tokyo, etc)
Loss of agriculture – famine, disease
U.S. Occupation
Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam Conferences (Legacy)
Germany (Split btn. U.S., Britain, France, and U.S.S.R.) *Berlin
Japan

15. EFFECTS CONT. Atomic Age
Changes world and stakes of “world war” forever
Cold War btn. Super Powers U.S. and U.S.S.R. ( )
Why?
Ideological differences
-Democratic government vs. Dictatorship (Totalitarian)
-Capitalism (market) vs. Socialism/Communism (Command)

16. EFFECTS CONT. Establishment of the United Nations
Establishment of the State of Israel (1947)
Holocaust
Est. 11 million murdered by Nazis (Est. 6 million Jews as well as many other groups with “undesirable” traits)
Why the Jews?
Deep seated hatred formed over several generations for a variety of reasons (have been persecuted for centuries)
Religion, economic stereotypes, they killed Jesus???, etc...
How does the Holocaust start?
Hitler’s original plan – emigration
1935 Nuremberg Laws
1938 Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass”

17. Holocaust cont. By 1939 nations stop letting Jews in
German expansion (Poland and other areas)
What to do about the Jewish Question
Ghettos (Early 1940’s)
Section of city where ethnic or economically depressed minority group is restricted
“Final Solution”
Established at Wannsee Conference (Jan. 20, 1942)
Death Camps
Nuremberg Trials – Post W.W.II (War crimes against humanity)