1. Botany
The Study of Plants 2012

2. What Characteristics do ALL plants share?
Autotrophs- Undergo Photosynthesis
Eukaryotes- has nucleus
Multicellular – more than one cell
Have a Cell Wall, have Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll

3. What do Plants Need to Live on Land?
Ways to OBTAIN water and nutrients (ROOTS)
Ways to RETAIN water (CUTICLE)
Ways to TRANSPORT water and nutrients (XYLEM and PHLOEM)
Ways to SUPPORT their bodies (STEM, XYLEM, PHLOEM)
Ways to REPRODUCE (sperm and egg cells)
Open Books to page

4. The first Terrestrial plants
Mosses and ferns
Mosses don’t have stems so they are very low to the ground

5. The first Terrestrial plants
This is an example of a moss Sporophyte growing out of a moss gametophyte.

6. The first Terrestrial plants
Ferns were more complicated
When the young sporophyte emerges, it is essentially a parasite on the gametophyte until it can grow its first leaf.

7. The first Terrestrial plants
This is the sporophyte stage of the fern with sori (spore cases).

8. Leaves, Stems, Roots Leaves
Photosynthesis occurs here (chloroplasts)
Gas and Water Exchange occur here (stomata)
Water Exchange = Transpiration

9. Conifer Reproduction
Cones- are the reproductive structures that hold the seed
Most conifers produce both male and female cones
Some produce only male or female
Some produce no cones
Male Cones- smaller than female, contain pollen (cells that turn into sperm cells)
Female Cones- contain the ovule which holds the egg cell

10. Gymnosperms
Used to make paper, lumber, cellophane, rosin, rayon, and turpentine

11. Types of Angiosperms Dicot Monocot 2 cotyledons 1 cotyledon
Leaf has branching veins
Stem has circle of vascular tissue
Flower has petals/sepals in groups of 4 or 5
Tap root
Examples are roses, peanuts, dandelions, oak, maple, beans, apples
Monocot
1 cotyledon
Leaf has parallel veins
Stem has scattered bundles of vascular tissue
Flower has petals/sepals in groups of 3
Fibrous roots
Examples are corn, grasses, wheat, rice, lilies, tulips and coconuts

12. Characteristics of Seed Plants
Vascular Tissue (Xylem and Phloem)
Use Seeds to Reproduce
Have Stems, Roots, Leaves
They use the process of photosynthesis

13. Structure of Flowers
Petals- attract pollinators (flies, bees and humming birds – depending upon ????)
Sepals- protect the developing flower
Stamens- male reproductive parts, made up of 2 parts-
Anther- where the pollen is produced
Filament
Pistils (carpel)- female reproductive parts, made up of 3 parts-
Stigma, Style, Ovary

14. What Are the Parts of a Flower?
                                                     

15. Do you know the parts of the flower?

16. Angiosperm Reproduction
Anther produces pollen
Ovary produces egg cells (2)
Pollen is released and Stigma traps it (pollination)
A plant pollinating itself is self-pollination
Being pollinated by another plant is cross- polination.
Hybridization is when one species of plant fertilizes a similar but not identical plant.
Pollen produces a pollen tube through the style, into the ovules
Sperm from pollen enters the tube and fertilizes each egg and the embryos develop
Other parts of the ovule develop into the seed coat and cotyledons
Ovary develops into the fruit

17. Some explaining…(don’t copy)
Pollen is in three parts, one part forms the pollen tube, and there are two sperm nuclei.
One fertilizes the egg and becomes the zygote, the other forms the endosperm or food for the developing embryo.
In some plants the cotyledons absorb the endosperm and they serve as the food for the developing plant.

18. Angiosperms Plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in a fruit
Seeds develop in the ovary
Angiosperms produce flowers and fruit

19. Seed Dispersal
Animals- eat fruits and deposit seeds or barbs hook onto fur
Water- carries seeds (oceans, rivers)
Wind- carries lightweight seeds

20. Peanut Seed
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl

21. Germination Early growth stages of the embryo
Plant seed absorbs water and temperature must be correct.
Seed coat softens
Roots grow first
First leaves then emerge

22. SEEDS
3 Important Parts
EMBRYO- young plant that develops from the zygote
COTYLEDONS- stored food that the embryo uses before it can make its own (just like yolk in eggs)
SEED COAT- protective coating that surrounds the embryo

23. Hormones
Plants can respond to their environment through a variety of chemical messengers.
Auxins – these are the plant hormones.
They control the growth of all plant parts including flowers and seeds.
A plant’s response is known as a tropism and they may be positive or negative.

24. Plant Responses and Growth
Tropism- plant’s response to a stimulus
Stimulus can be-
Touch – Thigmotropism (Venus flytrap, climbing plants)
Light- Phototropism- plants grow toward the light (sunflower)
Gravity- Gravitropism- stems grow up and roots grow down

25. Fruit vs.Vegetable What is the difference you may ask????
Fruits are the edible part of a plant developed from a flower
Vegetables are the edible parts of a plant such as roots, stems or leaves.

26. Fruit or Veggie????? fruit veggie veggie veggie fruit veggie veggie

27. Flowers and Fruits
Guess the fruit that comes from these flowers……………………..
PUMPKIN

28. Guess the Fruit
EGGPLANT

29. Guess the Fruit
ZUCCHINI

30. Guess the Fruit
PEPPERS

31. Guess the Fruit
Tomato

32. Thigmotropism in action
tendril
coiling