1. Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
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2. Learning Objectives
Name the number one cause of death in the United States
Identify four common cardiovascular diseases
Discuss the major and contributory risk factors associated with the development of coronary heart disease
Identify the coronary heart disease risk factors that can be modified by lifestyle alterations
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3. Learning Objectives (cont.)
List the steps involved in reducing your risk of coronary heart disease
Describe the link between dietary sodium and hypertension
Identify the total blood cholesterol levels associated with low, moderate, and high risk of developing coronary heart disease
Discuss the relationship between diet and elevated blood cholesterol levels
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4. U.S. Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence
Number one cause of death in the United States
Accounts for nearly one out of every two deaths
Over 1 million people die annually from CVD
More than 83 million people have some form of CVD
Leading cause of death in men ages 35–44; rates in women are rising
Economic costs related to CVD exceed $444 billion per year
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5. ABC News: Heart Disease in America
Play
Video
Discussion Questions
What preventive measures can be taken to avoid a heart attack?
What effect does a celebrity death from a certain illness have on how members of the public address their own health?
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6. Economic Costs of CVD
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7. Types of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Arteriosclerosis: A group of diseases
"Hardening" or narrowing of the arteries
Blocks blood flow to vital organs
Atherosclerosis: A type of arteriosclerosis
Blockage of fatty deposits in blood vessels ("plaque")
Progressive disease, begins in childhood, symptoms appear later
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): Atherosclerotic plaque in artery
Angina pectoris (chest pain): occurs with stress or exercise
Heart attack: death of heart muscle cells/severity varies
Stroke
Brain blood supply reduced or blocked
Brain damage from death of brain cells
Effects can be short- or long-term/severity varies
Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure (>140/90)
Long-term or acute = significant health problem
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8. Plaque Buildup in Arteries
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9. Coronary Artery Blockage
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10. Blocked Artery Leading to Stroke
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11. Major CVD Risk Factors
The following are directly related to developing CHD and stroke:
Smoking
More than 2x the risk of getting CHD than non-smokers
Biggest risk factor: sudden death from cardiac arrest
Second-hand smoke exposure as dangerous as direct inhalation
Hypertension
Both a disease and a risk factor for stroke
Diets high in sodium increase risk
High Blood Cholesterol
Lipids in foods or synthesized in body = two kinds
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/"bad cholesterol"
(optimal level < 100 mg/dl.)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)/"good cholesterol" (optimal level > 60 mg/dl.)
Complete Lab 10.1: Finding Your Cholesterol Plan
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12. Major CVD Risk Factors (cont.)
The following are directly related to developing CHD and stroke:
Physical Inactivity
Link to CHD
Regular exercise counteracts many CHD risk factors
Diabetes Mellitus
Occurs often in middle age/common in overweight
75% of diabetics die from some form of CHD
Obesity and Overweight
More likely to develop CHD, even with no other risk factors
Fat distribution = CHD risk: higher waist-to-hip ratio has greater risk
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13. Major CVD Risk Factors (cont.)
The following are directly related to developing CHD and stroke:
Heredity
Children of CHD parents are more likely to get it
Hereditary risk can be avoided, must worker harder at healthy lifestyle
Family risk linked to cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes and obesity
Complete Lab 10.3: Assess Your Genetic Risk for CVD
Gender
Men up to age 55 have higher risk
After menopause, women's risk as high as men
Age
Risk increases with age
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14. Contributory Risk Factors
The following increase the risk of developing CHD:
Stress
Contributes to multiple risk factors: smoking, hypertension, and cholesterol
Can release hormones elevating blood pressure
Alcohol Consumption
Excessive drinking increases risk of CHD, high blood sugar levels, cancer, and other diseases
American Heart Association recommends abstinence or moderation
Complete Lab 10.2: Evaluate Your CVD Risk
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15. Hypertension and Genetics
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16. CHD Risk Factors
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17. Reduce Risk of Heart Disease
Don't smoke
Lower your blood pressure
Eat a healthy, balanced diet
Be physically active
Reduce your stress level
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18. ABC News: Tips to Raise Good Cholesterol
Play
Video
Discussion Questions
What are two ways in which a high level of good cholesterol (HDL) helps the brain?
What are three tips to raise your levels of good cholesterol?
What is the single most important lifestyle change that could raise your level of HDL?
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19. Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the United States
Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension
Major CHD risk factors are smoking, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, inactivity, diabetes, obesity/overweight, heredity, gender, and increasing age
Reduce your risk of coronary heart disease by not smoking, eating a healthy diet, being physically active, maintaining a healthy body weight, and reducing stress
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.