1. The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
Main Idea
The Ottoman and Safavid empires flourished under powerful rulers who expanded the territory and cultural influence of their empires.

2. The Ottoman Empire
Nomadic Muslim warriors from Anatolia began to expand in all directions
Nomadic people, ghazis, “warriors for the Islam faith”
Ghazi leader Osman I had built strong state in Anatolia by 1300
Osman, descendants came to be known as Ottomans to Westerners
Ottomans
Added Greek territory
Took Constantinople (renamed Istanbul)
Mehmed II the Conqueror
Suleyman I the Magnificent, the Lawgiver
Growth of the Empire
Successful governance, legal codes, and tax reform
Diversity of people and class distinctions
Religious freedom and Millets

4. Conflict and Influence
The Safavid Empire
East of the Ottomans, Persian Muslims called the Safavids began building an empire around 1500.
14-year old Esma’il, founder of Safavid Empire
Took the title of shah
Made Shiism the official religion
Blend of Persian culture and Shia religion
Growth of the Empire
Changes under Abbas
Beautiful public spaces
Build up military
Start trading traditional pieces
Culture and Economy
Fights with Ottomans
Battles with Uzbeks
Conversion of the Sunni tribes
Conflicts with Iraq and Saudi Arabia today
Conflict and Influence

6. Empires in India The Arrival of Islam Muslim Raiders
Muslim rulers created a powerful empire in which military might and artistic culture flourished. Invaded a divided India.
During period of small kingdoms, Arab Muslim traders arrived in India for first time
Traders sailed to ports on west coast in search of goods such as spices
Over time, traders settled in India, lived peacefully beside Hindus, Buddhists
The Arrival of Islam
Next Muslims to arrive not so peaceful
Invaded region of Sind - now called Pakistan
Poured into north India from Afghanistan
By 1200s, most of northern India under Muslim control
Muslim Raiders

7. Delhi Sultanate Mughal Empire
Rulers in sultanate tolerant, allowed traditional customs, religions
Blending cultures from Islam and India
Urdu language combined Arabic and Sanskrit
Mughal Empire
Mongols invaders take over control in India
Babur – built great civilization known for wealth and power
Akbar the Great – hold diverse population together through marriage, force, and religious toleration; promoted the arts and tax reforms
Later rulers were less tolerant, spent much on building and wars with Christians and other Muslims, fell to British colonizers

8. Sikhism Guru Nanak founded the faith around 1500 AD
Some Sikhs had supported rebellion against Jahangir
Sikhism, blended elements of Islam, Hinduism
Like Muslims, believe in one God, who created world, who has no physical form
Unlike Muslims, who believe in afterlife, believe in reincarnation
Believe goal of existence to be freed from cycle of rebirth, attain unity with God
Do not practice rituals like pilgrimage, yoga, from the earlier religions
Wear long hair to honor God of creation and turbans to signify their social equality

11. The Chinese Dynasties Main Idea
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, China prospered and was a highly advanced civilization, but the empire entered a period of isolation in response to increasing European contact.
Ming Dynasty
Peasant led a rebellion to overthrow the Mongolian rule
Restored traditional Chinese culture and Confucian principles
Consolidated power within the government
Son moved capital to Beijing and built the Forbidden City
Sent ships across Indian Ocean and rebuilt Great Wall

13. The Qing Dynasty
Corruption within Ming ruling family created an opportunity for the seizure of Beijing by Manchu people who would add vast lands and accept much of Chinese government, religion, and culture
As foreigners, Manchu initially faced resistance from Chinese subjects
To win support, Manchu showed respect for Chinese customs, maintained Confucian traditions
Resistance
Reduced taxes for peasants, expanded empire into Central Asia
Supported arts, entertained Jesuit priests at court
Learned European advances in science, other areas
Kangxi
Manchu rulers carried over much Ming government structure
Continued civil service exam system
Government positions distributed equally among Chinese, Manchu officials
New Government
Conquered Taiwan, Mongolia, Tibet
Agricultural production continued to rise, population boomed
Improved transportation, new foreign and domestic markets
Qianlong
The Manchu remained separate
Manchu not allowed to marry Chinese
Women forbidden to bind feet
Men had to wear hair in Manchu style
Restrictions

14. Japan’s Warrior Society
Local clans began fighting for power and land but with no law and order from central government landowners hired armies of samurai.
Use of samurai, trained professional warriors to defend land
Similar to feudal system in Europe except not given land
Military service in payments for food
Land worked by peasants
Feudalism and Samurai
Held in great respect by people
Bushido – way of the warrior
Seppuku – suicide over shame
Disciplines of the arts and ritual
Zen Buddhism – meditation and mind focus
Code of the Samurai
Shogun rule resulted from the most powerful clan becoming the military dynasty in Japan with the Emperor serving only as a figurehead. Eventually broke down into smaller daimyo. Shogun and samurai lost power after the introduction of the gun into society.

15. The Tokugawa Shogunate
Strong Central Government
Established capital at quiet fishing village, Edo, now Tokyo
Period of relative unity, peace, stability
Required daimyo to live in Edo periodically, leave families there year-round as “hostages”
Agricultural production rose, population and cities grew
New roads linked main cities, castle towns, improving trade
Rigid Feudal System
Emperor for show on top, shoguns closely controlled daimyo with local power through the protection of the samurai
Three lower classes with no political or military power
Lower Classes
Peasants only allowed to farm, greatly esteemed, paid most of the taxes
Artisans lived in castle towns and made armor and swords
Merchants made nothing at first but through trade got rich and moved up

16. Choson Kingdom in Korea
During this period, Korea prospered
Produced many cultural achievements, including creation of Korean alphabet
Late 1500s, Japan invaded twice but resisted with help from Ming Dynasty
Also called Yi Dynasty
Government based on Confucianism
Prosperity and War
Fighting with Japan left Korea in ruins
Qing Dynasty invaded and became a vassal state to China
Choson kings increasingly isolated Korea, except for trade with China
In West, Korea became known as “Hermit Kingdom” because of isolation
Hermit Kingdom

21. The Impact of the Samurai Tradition on Japan
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