1. Intro to Chemistry Notes
8th grade Physical Science

2. Matter- Something that has mass and volume
The building blocks are atoms/elements
Element: Pure substance that cannot broken down any more.
Nucleus of atom composed of P+ and Neu. E- on the outside of nucleus
Atoms: Basic particle from which all elements are made.
Nucleus of atom composed of P+ and Neu. E- on the outside of the nucleus

3. More about matter…
Protons: (+) charge particle in the nucleus of atom. (approx. ½ of mass of atom)
Neurton: (0) charged particle in the nucleus of atom. (approx. ½ mass of most atoms)
Electrons: (-) charged particles outside nucleus of atom (mini. mass)

4. States of Matter- Solid, Liquid, Gas, & Plasma
Solid: Definite Shape & volume. Part. Arranged closely together
Liquids: Definite Volume, no shape. Part. arrange closely and are free to move
Gases: No definite shape or volume and move freely
Plasma: High temps = electrons to be stripped of its electrons
Conservation of Mass and Energy

5. Properties of Matter- Physical Properties:
Ability to see changes in a substance without changing it into another substance.
Chemical Properties:
Ability to change a substance into another substance.

6. Physical Properties- Example: H20 (liquid, gas, solid), etc.
Melt point, freezing point, color, density, solubility, conductivity, magnetism, malleability
Do not react with other substances = mixtures.
Mixtures: made of 2 or more elements or compounds = not chem. Combined
Heterogeneous Mix: See diff. parts
Homogeneous Mix: Cannot see diff. parts.

7. Chemical Properties- Change in physical properties
Color change, gas release
Ability to react with chemicals to form new chemicals
Ex: Combustion, Electrolysis, Oxidation, Tarnishing

8. Chemical Bonding-
Chemical Bond = attraction btw 2 atoms to molecules (2 or more atoms bonded = molecule)
Compound = Molecule (change in physical props. Of in individual atoms)

9. Periodic Table-
Mendeleev: Discovered patterns of props. Appeared when he arranged elements in order of Increasing atomic mass
Prop of ele. Can be predicted from its location on periodic table

10. More on the Periodic Table…
Periods: Horizontal Rows:
(Left to Right) Reactive Metal, less reactive metals, metalloids, nonmetals.
Groups/Families: element that share similar characteristics.
Elemental Squares Info: Atomic #, Chemical Symbol, Element Name, Atomic Mass.
Concept Map
Valence E- determine the Periodic Group