1. WRITING ANALYSIS
A STUDY OF SYNTAX

2. ELEMENTS OF SYNTAX SENTENCE LENGTH NUMBER OF SENTENCES
RHYTHM OF SENTENCES
SENTENCE BEGINNINGS – VARIETY OR PATTERN
VOICE
WORD ORDER/ARRANGEMENT OF IDEAS
SENTENCE TYPES

3. SENTENCE LENGTH STACCATO – ONE OR TWO WORDS, ABRUPT
TELEGRAPHIC – SHORTER THAN FIVE WORDS
SHORT – APPROX WORDS
MEDIUM – APPROX WORDS
LONG – 30 OR MORE WORDS

4. SENTENCE TYPES DECLARATIVE – STATEMENTS INTERROGATIVE – QUESTIONS
IMPERATIVE – COMMANDS, REQUESTS
EXCLAMATORY
SIMPLE SENTENCES - 1 SUBJECT, 1 PREDICATE
COMPOUND SENTENCES – TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES JOINED WITH COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS, TRANSITIONAL WORDS/PHRASES, SEMICOLONS, OR COLONS

5. SENTENCE TYPES
COMPLEX SENTENCES – ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND ONE DEPENDENT CLAUSE
COMPOUND-COMPLEX – TWO OR MORE INDY CLAUSES AND AT LEAST ONE DEPENDENT CLAUSE
FRAGMENTS AND RUN-ONS

6. SCHEMES – A CHANGE IN THE NORMAL WORD ORDER IN A SENTENCE
LOOSE SENTENCES – MAIN POINT IS AT THE BEGINNING; FRONT LOADED
PERIODIC SENTENCE – MAIN POINT AT END, END LOADED
NATURAL ORDER – SUBJECT BEFORE MAIN VERB
INVERTED ORDER – VERB BEFORE SUBJECT
INTERRUPTED SENTENCE – SUBORDINATE CLAUSE IN MIDDLE SET OFF BY DASHES OR COMMAS
BALANCE ISSUES - PARALLEL STRUCTURE
BALANCE ISSUES – ANTITHESIS – MAKES USE OF CONTRAST FOR EMPHASIS

7. SCHEMES BALANCE – PARALLELISM
Her purpose was to impress the ignorant, to perplex the dubious, and to startle the complacent.
BALANCE – ANTITHESIS
“Evil men fear authority; good men cherish it.”
INTERRUPTION
New developments in a language, it seems, tend to arise in colloquial speech.

8. SCHEMES OMISSION “And he to England shall along with you.” REPETITION
“I’m nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody too? Then there’s a pair of us-don’t tell! They’d banish us you know.” –Emily Dickinson

9. SCHEMES
ANAPHORA – REPETITION OF WORD OR PHRASE AT THE BEGINNING OF SUCCESSIVE PHRASES, CLAUSES, SENTENCES "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans. We shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air. We shall defend our island, whatever the cost shall be."
ANASTROPHE – NORMAL WORD ORDER IS CHANGED FOR EMPHASIS "This is the sort of English up with which I will not put."
ANTITHESIS – CONTRASTING WORDS, PHRASES, SENTENCES, OR IDEAS ARE USED IN PARALLEL GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES FOR EMPHASIS "Evil men fear authority; good men cherish it."

10. SCHEMES
APOSTROPHE – PERSON OR ABSTRACT QUALITY IS DIRECTLY ADDRESSED THOUGH NOT PRESENT “Dear God, sorry to disturb you”
EPISTROPHE – REPETITION OF WORD OR PHRASE AT THE END OF SUCCESSIVE PHRASES, CLAUSES, SENTENCES "He's learning fast; are you earning fast?"

11. SCHEMES
ASYNDETON – USING NO CONJUNCTIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SPEED OR EFFICIENCY “I came I saw I conquered.”
POLYSYNDETON – USING TOO MANY CONJUNCTIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EMPHASIS “I am taking AP Physics and AP English and AP Psychology and AB Calc and AP Econ and AP Bio.”