1. Chapter 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

2. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Proposed circuit for measuring and displaying the angular position of the potentiometer shaft.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

3. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit diagram containing models of the power supplies, voltmeter, and potentiometer.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

4. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

5. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The first telephone transmitter with its parchment diaphragm attached to the magnetized metallic reed. This instrument was used to transmit the first speech sounds electrically in Courtesy of Bell Laboratories.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

6. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Alexander Graham Bell at the New York end of the circuit to Chicago as this line was opened on October 18, 1892, as part of the ceremonies accompanying the Columbian Exposition. Courtesy of Bell Laboratories.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

7. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Growth of telephone service in the United States. Source: Bell Laboratories.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

8. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure (a) A circuit with three nodes.
(b) The circuit
after the nodes have been
selected and marked.
(c) Using voltmeters to measure the
node voltages.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

9. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure (a) A circuit with three resistors. (b) The resistor voltages expressed as functions of the node voltages. (c) The resistor currents expressed as functions of the node voltages.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

10. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure (a) The circuit for Example (b) The circuit after the resistor currents are expressed as functions of the node voltages.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

11. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The circuit for Example
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

12. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.3-1
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

13. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.3-2
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

14. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with an independent voltage source and an independent current source.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

15. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with a supernode that incorporates va and vb.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

16. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure A circuit containing two voltage sources, only one of which is connected to the reference node.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

17. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The circuit for example
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

18. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.4-1
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

19. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.4-2
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

20. Figure 4.5-1 A circuit with a CCVS.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

21. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure A circuit with a VCVS.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

22. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure A circuit with a CCCS.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

23. Figure E 4.5-1 A circuit with a CCVS.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

24. Figure E 4.5-2 A circuit with a VCVS.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

25. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Nonplanar circuit with a crossover.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

26. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with four meshes. Each mesh is identified by dashed lines.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

27. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with three mesh currents.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

28. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with two meshes.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

29. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Mesh currents for the circuit of Figure
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

30. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with three mesh currents and two voltage sources.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

31. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.6-1
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

32. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with an independent voltage source and an independent current source.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

33. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with an independent current source common to both meshes.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

34. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with two independent current sources.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

35. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with one dependent voltage source.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

36. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with a supermesh that incorporates mesh 1 and mesh 2.
The supermesh is indicated by the dashed line.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

37. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit with a supermesh and a dependent voltage source. The supermesh is identified by the heavy dashed line.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

38. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.7-1
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

39. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.7-2
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

40. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.7-3
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

41. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.7-4
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

42. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E (a) The modern convenience of the vacuum cleaner is serenely demonstrated in about Courtesy of Brown Brothers. (b) Circuit model of the cleaner and its power source.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

43. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.7-6
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

44. Figure 4.8-1 The circuits of Example 4.8-1.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

45. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure E 4.8-1
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

46. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure A simple two-mesh circuit.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

47. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The circuit of Figure redrawn with node numbers indicated. The reference node is denoted as zero.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

48. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure PSpice program for the circuit of Figure
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

49. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Output of PSpice calculation.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

50. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure A three-mesh circuit. All resistances in ohms.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

51. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The three mesh circuit redrawn for PSpice analysis. All resistances in ohms.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

52. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The PSpice program for the three-mesh circuit.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

53. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The output of the PSpice program for the three-mesh circuit.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

54. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure (a) A circuit that contains a potentiometer and (b) an equivalent circuit formed by replacing the potentiometer by a model of a potentiometer
(0  a  1).
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

55. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure MATLAB input file used to analyze the circuit shown in Figure
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

56. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Plot of vo versus a for the circuit shown in Figure
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

57. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure (a) A circuit and
(b) the node voltages calculated using PSpice. The bottom node has been chosen as the reference node, which is indicated by the ground symbol and the node number 0. The voltages and resistors have units of voltages and ohms, respectively.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

58. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure (a) A circuit and (b) the mesh currents calculated using PSpice. The voltages and resistances are given in volts and ohms, respectively.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

59. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Proposed circuit for measuring and displaying the angular position of the potentiometer shaft.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

60. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Circuit diagram containing models of the power supplies, voltmeter, and potentiometer.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

61. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The redrawn circuit showing the mode vi.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

62. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure The final designed circuit.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

63. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed
Figure Expressing resistor currents and voltages in terms of (a) node voltage or (b) mesh currents.
©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed