1. Enzymes: “Helper” P s1

2. Flow of energy through life
Life is built on s2

3. Chemical reactions of life
Processes of life
building molecules s
breaking down molecules d + +

4. Nothing works without enzymes!
How important are enzymes?
all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work
building molecules S
breaking down molecules D
Enzymes -
enzyme +
enzyme
We can’t live without enzymes! + s4

5. Examples s
enzyme + d
enzyme +

6. Enzymes are proteins Each enzyme is the s helper to a s reaction
each enzyme needs to be the r for the job
enzymes are named for the reaction they help
sucrase breaks down s
proteases breakdown p
lipases breakdown l
DNA polymerase builds D
Oh, I get it!
They end in -ase s6

7. Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are by the reaction
used only temporarily
R again for the same reaction with other molecules
very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions
enzyme
substrate
product
active site

8. It’s shape that matters!
Lock & Key model
S allows enzyme & substrate to fit
S for each specific reaction

9. 1 2 3

10. Enzyme vocabulary Enzyme Substrate Enzyme-substrate complexH
Substrate
molecule that e
Enzyme-substrate complex
enzyme & m
Active site
part of enzyme that s

11. What affects enzyme action
Correct protein structure C
why? enzyme has to be r
Temperature
pH (acids & bases)

12. More about Enzymes: What Affects Enzymes

13. What affects how well an enzyme works?
Correct protein structure
correct order of amino acids
why? enzyme has to be r
Temperature pH

14. Enzyme concentration Effect on rates of enzyme activity
as increase amount of enzyme = increases how fast the reaction happens
more enzymes = m

15. What’s happening here?!
Enzyme c
amount of enzyme
reaction rate

16. Substrate concentration
Effect on rates of enzyme activity
as increase amount of substrate = increases how fast the reaction happens
more substrate = m

17. Substrate c reaction rate amount of substrate s17
What’s happening here?!
Substrate c
reaction rate
amount of substrate
s17

18. What’s happening here?! T
37°
reaction rate
temperature

19. Temperature Effect on rates of enzyme activity Optimum temperature G
human enzymes = 35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C)
Raise temperature D
Lower temperature T°
molecules move slower
s19

20. pH s pepsin I trypsin reaction rate pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
What’s happening here?! pH
s pepsin I
trypsin
reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

21. pH Effect on rates of enzyme activity pH c most human enzymes = pH 6-8
depends on where in body
P (stomach) = pH 3
T (small intestines) = pH 8
s21

22. For enzymes… What matters?