1. Microleakage of All-ceramic Crowns Using Self-etching Resin Luting Agents
Operative Dentistry, 2008, 33-4,
CP Trajtenberg , SJ Caram , S Kiat-amnuay

2. Adhesion to a ceramic surface is based on the combined effects of micromechanical interlocking and chemical bonding. T p
Peumans M, Van Meerbeek B, Yoshida Y, Lambrechts P &Vanherle G (1999)

3. The application of a separate acid-etching step is unnecessary when using self-etching resin luting agents. These materials have become popular for their simplicity and because they require fewer procedural steps when compared to previous systems that used separate acid-conditioning and primer/adhesive steps.
Peumans M (2000)

4. This study assessed and compared the amount of microleakage of bonded ceramic crowns using three different types of self-etching adhesive systems with and without a die spacer.

5. METHODS AND MATERIALS

6. Multilink: Primers A and B were applied to moist dentin using a microbrush with slight pressure for 15 seconds, then air dried. Multilink cement was applied onto the restoration and seated under digital pressure for two minutes. The excess cement was removed with the aid of an explorer and left to self-cure.

7. Panavia F 2.0: ED Primer II A&B were combined and applied to moist dentin for 30 seconds, then gently air dried. Pastes A and B were mixed and applied to the crown and seated under digital pressure for two minutes. The cement was partially light-cured for two-to-three seconds, then removed with the aid of an explorer. The cement was light-cured for 20 seconds on each surface using a conventional halogen light .

8. RelyX Unicem Aplicap: This cement did not require a primer solution prior to bonding. The cement capsule was put into the system activator and opened.
The capsule was inserted into an amalgamator mixing device Rotomix for 10 seconds.

9. A digital image analysis system was used to measure and qualitatively evaluate the degree of dye penetration .Dye penetration was measured in millimeters. A traveling micrometer was used to take the measurements on both margins on the enamel and dentin of each tooth section.

10. Digital image analysis of one section with SPOT 3
Digital image analysis of one section with SPOT 3.2 software (Diagnosis
Instrument Inc). Dye penetration recorded in millimeters (70x magnification).

11. The data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance The means were compared at the 0.05 level of significance using Fisher’s PLSD intervals.

12. Result

13. Digital image analysis of Panavia with die spacer & with no die spacer
Digital Image analysis of Multiink
with die spacer & with no die spacer
Digital image analysis of RelyX Unicem
with die spacer& with no die spacer

14. Two of the cements(Panavia F 2
Two of the cements(Panavia F 2.0 and Multilink) still required a primer on the tooth surface in order to activate the self-etching capabilities of the cement; whereas RelyX Unicem is an encapsulated cement and did not require any type of priming of the tooth surface for the activation of its self adhesive mechanism.
Hahn P, Attin T, Gröfke M & Hellwig E (2001)

15. In this study, Panavia F 2.0 was light-cured.
Panavia F had the lowest marginal leakage values. The authors found higher microleakage values at the cement-tooth interface when these cements were self-cured than when they were light- cured at both the enamel and dentin margins.
Rosentritt M, Behr M, Lang R & Handel G (2004)

16. This might be due to differences in the pH of
Restorations cemented with Multilink exhibited the greatest amount of microleakage.
This might be due to differences in the pH of
the acidic primers between the two cement monomers, with Multilink perhaps creating a weaker etching pattern on the tooth surface, resulting in less resin infiltration and a thinner hybrid layer.
Hahn P, Attin T, Gröfke M & Hellwig E (2001)

17. On the other hand, the cement viscosity could have an effect on the seating
of the crowns, resulting in gap openings that could have contributed to varying degrees of microleakage
Hahn P, Attin T, Gröfke M & Hellwig E (2001)

18. The results in this study demonstrated no significant differences in microleakage with or without an internal relief to allocate the resin cement.
Carter SM & Wilson PR (1997)

19. The type of tooth substrate had an effect on
the degree of microleakage. Differences in microleakage were observed between margins bonded to enamel and margins bonded to dentin.
Buonocore MG (1955), Nakabayashi N, Kojima K & Masuhara E (1982)

20. It is well-documented that bonding to the enamel structure is more predictable due to its higher mineral content than resin infiltration in dentin, which is characterized by a much higher hydrated collagen structure and less mineralized tissue.
Paul SJ, Welter DA, Ghazi M & Pashley D (1991)

21. CONCLUSIONS
Panavia F 2.0 resin luting agent showed the
least degree of microleakage at both the enamel
and dentin margins, followed by RelyX Unicem
and Multilink resin luting agents, respectively.
The use of a conventional relief technique did
not improve the marginal seal of IPS Empress
crowns against marginal leakage.
Marginal leakage was higher at margins bonded
to dentin and less when bonded to enamel.