1. Ancient Egypt Civilization

2. Location
Location – Nile River Valley
Capitals – Memphis & Thebes

3. Nile River 4160 miles long and flows North
Only last 650 miles are navigable
Nile Delta – 150 miles wide
Divided into two parts
White Nile (Upper)
Blue (Lower)

4. Nile River (Cont.) Predictable Floods (late spring)
What did the Nile Valley provide?
Crops – Wheat and Barley
Animals – Ducks, Geese, Fish
River Reeds – Rope, sandals, baskets

5. Cont… Divided into 2 Kingdoms Lower – Delta Area Upper – River Valley
Natural Barriers prevent invasions???? What are they?

6. Egyptian Dynasty 3000-322 BC Dynasty – line of rulers from one family
Menes – First to combine both kingdoms to form the Egyptian Dynasty
Pharaoh – rulers during the New Kingdom

7. Three Kingdoms
Old Kingdom BC
“Age of Pyramids”

8. Three Kingdoms Middle Kingdom 2050-1800 BC
Age of Agricultural Advances

9. Three Kingdoms
New Kingdom BC
“Age of the Pharaoh”

10. Egyptian Rulers Tutankhamen – “Boy Ruler”
Hatshepsut – “1st known female ruler”
Ramses II – Biblical times, great builder
Cleopatra VII – last Egyptian Pharaoh

12. Mummification Mummy – preserved Egyptian body Procedure 1. Embalming
2. Remove Organs
3. Dry body with salt and resin
4. Wrap body with linen

14. Pyramids Burial tombs for Egyptian rulers and family
Within the tomb: coffin, material goods, and items needed for the afterlife
“The Book of the Dead” – Guide to the afterlife

15. Pyramids 80 total pyramids in Egypt
Great Pyramid of Giza 2600 BC, 481 feet high, 2 million blocks
Sphinx – face of the ruler and body of a lion to watch over tomb

16. Egyptian Religion Gods represent heavenly bodies and natural forces
Afterlife is very important; Egyptians prepared for it all their life.
Afterlife is not just for the rich the poor as well with the help of Osiris (sense of hope)

17. Horus
Sky god – head of a hawk

18. Amon or Ra
Sun god -- He was considered self created and the creator of all.

19. Osiris
Osiris – god of the Nile

20. Isis
God of the underground

21. Set
God of war, chaos, storms, destruction

22. Writing – Hieroglyphics
Picture symbols which represented objects, ideas, and sounds (600)
Papyrus – paper made from reeds
Rosetta Stone – 1799, French soldier found the slab of stone near the town of Rosetta.

23. Rosetta Stone Decoder of hieroglyphics Three types of writing
Upper Class- Egyptian Writing
Commoner – Egyptian Writing
Greek

24. Egyptian Contributions
Calendar – 365 days, 12 months, 30 days
Number system based on 10
Math – Plane Geometry not advanced geometry as the Mesopotamians (dome)
Use of herbal medicine