1. Pharaohs, Pyramids, and Papyrus Lesson 9

2. Old Kingdom (3100-2150 B.C.) Egypt divided into 2 kingdoms: –Lower Kingdom: area around delta –Upper Kingdom: Southern area around Nile Narmer: ruler of Hierankonopolis conquered all villages and cities along Nile; name means “catfish”; –First pharaoh (king) of united Egypt

3. Nile flows south to north

4. Mummies Egyptians believed in afterlife Embalmer: person paid to preserve dead bodies –Dressed like embalming god, Anubis Mummies: bodies preserved by being cleaned out and wrapped in linen bandages Natron: salt solution used to preserve bodies

6. Pharaohs Egyptians believed pharaohs were gods Pha.’s had large burial chambers built and filled with food, clothing, furniture, and other things for the afterlife Khufu: Pha. who had 3 great pyramids built in Giza along with the Sphinx

7. Pyramids and Sphinx Great Pyramid: in Giza; built by Khufu; largest of 3 pyramids; built around 2500 B.C. Sphinx: large stone statue near pyramids; lion’s body and human head (looked like Khufu)

10. More About Egypt Memphis and Thebes: cities with beautiful palaces, storehouses, and temples Canals helped control floodwaters from Nile Colorful paintings in pyramids tell us about Egyptian life

11. Papyrus Papyrus: paper made from stalk of papyrus plant (reed that grows along Nile) –Paper was light and thin and stored easily –Used to keep records, write letters, and tell stories