1. OVERVIEW Authoring Tools for Language Teachers ONLINE EXERCISES Types, Forms and Functions LANGUAGE LEARNING Language Learning and E-Exercises Learning Sequences Limitations of E-Exercises COMBINATIONS Combining Exercises Link Pages: Form and Function WORKSHOP Using authoring tools Creating Link Pages © 2003 Dr. Hans Werner Hess, Hong Kong Baptist University Dept. of Government and International Studies E-mail: hwhess@hkbu.edu.hkhwhess@hkbu.edu.hk Typology of E E-Learning Exercises for Language Acquisition

2. FOCUS Introduce easy authoring tools for everyday practice usable without special training for online (www) learning Introduce sample exercises and link pages >> creation of own sample website (>> WORKSHOP) Other software, e.g. Macromedia Authorware Toolbook KLEA

3. OVERVIEW Authoring Tools for Language Teachers Microsoft Frontpage (also possible: MS Word. Advanced: Dreamweaver) FTP / Server space HotPotatoes Quia (5) Textoys (6) Online Exercise Generator (via deutsch-online.com) (7) Real Producer

4. Playback (Student Computers) Internet Explorer 6 RealVideo+Audio Players Macromedia Flash Adobe Acrobat Reader. [free WWW downloads]

5. ONLINE EXERCISES Types, Forms and Functions 1/ Online Exercise Generator (via deutsch-online.com)deutsch-online.com [free WWW access]

6. 1/ Online Exercise Generator (via deutsch-online.com)deutsch-online.com Name/TypeForm:Student ActivitySample Site SatzpuzzleJumbled sentences (four short sentences only) Build-up sentence / word order Gespräch im Laden (1) Gespräch im Laden (2) Gespräch im Laden (3) Gespräch im Laden (1) Gespräch im Laden (2) Gespräch im Laden (3) (path 11) TextpuzzleJumbled textText ordering MemoryMatching pairsVocab review Kreuzworträtsel (crossword) crosswordVocab review / concepts+terms Wortsuche (word search) Jumbled lettersIdentify vocab / spelling

7. 1/ Online Exercise Generator (via deutsch-online.com)deutsch-online.com Advantages: Free Download html files easy Disadvantages: Pre-determined layout Complex L2 task descriptions Exercises VERY short Frequent master site breakdown

8. 2/ Quintessential Instructional Archive (Quia)Quia (http:www.quia.com)http:www.quia.com

9. 2/ Quintessential Instructional Archive (Quia) Commercial teachers network (320,000 registered participants) Generated exercises on Quia server 39US$ p.a. - exercise generators - class pages (incl. notice boards, calendar, survey forms, statistical evaluations, etc.) - access to other Quia-generated exercises (released: 541 German, 1482 French)

10. Name/TypeForm:Student Activity (e.g.)Sample Site MatchingMatching pairsVocab review Natur und Wasser (A1- A6)Natur und Wasser (A1- A6) (p19) FlashcardCue cards (flip-over vocab cards) Vocab review Natur und Wasser (A1- A6)Natur und Wasser (A1- A6) (p19) ConcentrationMemory Card pairsVocab review Natur und Wasser (A1- A6)Natur und Wasser (A1- A6) (p19) Word SearchJumbled lettersIdentify vocab / spelling Challenge Board Q/A on ascending levels of difficulty; 2 players possible (competitive) Knowledge test 15 Quia Exercise Types: Samples

11. Name/TypeForm:Student Activity (e.g.)Sample Site ClozeGap-fillGrammar/vocab/spelling ColumnsMatchingDraw lines between items in columns: Sentence/story/conversation building Meinungen vom Mann auf dem Mond...Meinungen vom Mann auf dem Mond... (p19) HangmanVocab guessing (limited no. of guesses) Vocab review / spelling Wo kauft man am besten ein?Wo kauft man am besten ein? (p11ws) Die neue Wohnung Die neue Wohnung (p8ws / html or Flash version) Jumbled Words Jumbled lettersVocab building / spelling Was kaufen Sie im Supermarkt ein? Was kaufen Sie im Supermarkt ein? (p11ws) Ordered ListOrder items/statementsKnowledge testing, story building/reconstruction PatternsGap-fill (ordered patterns)Grammar Eine Verbform kostet 1 Cent! (Konjugation)Eine Verbform kostet 1 Cent! (Konjugation) (p2gr) 15 Quia Exercise Types: Samples

12. Name/TypeForm:Student Activity (e.g.)Sample Site Picture perfect Ordering/matchingKnowledge testing, story building/reconstruction by way of pictures Autofrei in KölnAutofrei in Köln (p19gr) Pop upsMultiple choice (Pop up menus) Grammar/vocab Knowledge testing Pro oder contra Autos? Pro oder contra Autos? (p19schr/prepare writing task. p19schrfr)p19schrfr Rags to Riches Multiple choice With rewards (difficulty in ascending order) Grammar/vocab Knowledge testing Reading comprehension Scavenger Hunt Q/A www links Knowledge building/testing, reading comprehension (by using external www sources) La Ville de Fribourg / Die Stadt FreiburgLa Ville de Fribourg / Die Stadt Freiburg (p21txt; intro: p21txt.htmp21txt.htm QuizMultiple choiceGrammar/vocab Knowledge testing; Writing/spelling

13. Multiple choice True-false Pop up (true/false, multiple choice) Multiple correct Fill in the blanks Initial answer Short answer Essay Quia Question/Response Types

14. Advantages: Great variety of exercises Easy to create/upload/modify Good design/layout Share in other site creations Disadvantages: Annual user fee Created files on remote server Users must have access to remote site Quintessential Instructional Archive (Quia)

15. 3/ Textoys (Creative Technology/U.K.)Creative Technology/U.K.) WebSequitur WebRhubarb

16. WebSequitur Story Building Exercise Story Reconstruction: Complete Cloze (100%) WebRhubarb Sample: Kwan aus Ma On ShanKwan aus Ma On Shan

17. Textoys: WebSequitur / WebRhubarb Advantages: Easy to create/upload/modify Popular with students Based on Grammar Games by Mario Rinvolucri (1984) Disadvantages: One-off purchase fee Limited scope

18. Hot Potatoes (University of Victoria/Canada)University of Victoria/Canada 6 authoring tools for online exercises (Java Script) Adaptable to French, German, Spanish

19. Hot Potatoes (University of Victoria/Canada)University of Victoria/Canada Name/Typ e Form:Student Activity (e.g.)Sample Site JBCMultiple ChoiceGrammar/vocab Knowledge testing; Writing/spelling Reading comprehension (incl. timer) Was wurde gestern/früher mit dem Wasser gemacht? Was wurde gestern/früher mit dem Wasser gemacht? (Awareness Grammar) p19gr JClozeGap-Fill Grammar/vocab/spelling Combination of JCloze and JBC: Was passiert da? (Passiv) Was passiert da? (Passiv) JQuizText-EntryGrammar/vocab Knowledge testing; Writing/spelling Wo ist der Ball? Wohin legen Sie den Ball jetzt? Vincent und der Karton Wo ist der Ball? Wohin legen Sie den Ball jetzt? Vincent und der Karton (p10gr) p10gr JCrossCrosswordVocab review / concepts+terms Natur und Umwelt: Ein KreuzworträtselNatur und Umwelt: Ein Kreuzworträtsel (p19ws) JMixJumbled Sentence (Drag and Drop) Sentence/story/conversation building Kai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem MondKai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) JMatchOrdering/ Matching(Drag and Drop) Grammar/vocab Knowledge testing; Story reconstruction, etc. Umwelt in Hong Kong: Meine Ideen

20. Hot Potatoes (University of Victoria/Canada)University of Victoria/Canada Advantages: Free of charge Easy to create/upload/modify Periodical improvements/upgrades hotpotatoes.net hotpotatoes.net (web hosting server/share in other activities) Disadvantages: Limited number of exercise types Fees for web hosting

21. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions? Training Communication Cognition Information Word Processing Basic Forms of Online Exercises: Multiple Choice Gap-Filling Text Entry Crosswords Ordering Is training the only function possible in E-Learning?

22. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions? Training Communication Cognition Information Word Processing Applied Learning Strategies: Involvement of several functions Functional variation

23. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMix Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Kai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) sample

24. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMix Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Kai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) Learning Strategy: Training/cognition: Think consciously about word/phrase order + [new] grammar (subordinate clauses); Cognition: Text reconstruction (change from 1 st person narrative to report) sample

25. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMix Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Kai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) Sample 2 Match (Columns) Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) classroom Reading comprehension / discussion Textbook (MM2/L19) Self- access learning

26. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMix Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Kai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) Learning Strategy: Cognition: Reconstruct text/classroom discussion Training: distinguish main clause/subordinate clause conjunctions) Sample 2 Match (Columns) Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) classroom Reading comprehension / discussion Textbook (MM2/L19)

27. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMix Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Kai erzählt: Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) Sample 2 Match (Columns) Jumbled Sentences (ordering sentence elements) Die Meinung vom Mann auf dem Mond (p19ws) classroom Reading comprehension / discussion Textbook (MM2/L19) Function(s) depend on sequencing within a learning task (series) – not on exercise type/form alone)

28. JMatch 1:1 vocab review: Quia Matching Flashcards Concentration Musik: Die young Gods (MM1/L3 – p3ws Training + memory recall (cognition) ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition Sample 3

29. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMatch Dialogue / turn- taking Situationen in Europa – Was sagen Sie? Variation 1: match per situation Variation 2: match across situations Sample 4 Learning Strategy: Cognition: activate situational knowledge (courtesy, etc.)

30. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JBC Multiple choice: gender + definite article Ist Musik feminin? Sample 5 Learning Strategy: Training

31. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JMatch Grammar Wortbildung: Adjektive Sample 6 Learning Strategy: Training + Cognition (Grammatical Awareness / metalinguistic knowledge)

32. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JBC Multiple choice: tense Was wurde gestern/früher mit dem Wasser gemacht? Sample 7 Learning Strategy: Training + Cognition (Grammatical Awareness / metalinguistic knowledge)

33. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JBC Multiple choice: reading comprehension Fremde in Deutschland Ausländer war ich höchstens eine Woche … Sample 8 Learning Strategy: Cognition: Comparing statements + text; reflection on text type (satire)

34. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JBC Multiple choice: reading comprehension (preparation of …) Heinrich Heine: Die Lorelei Sample 9 Learning Strategy: Cognition: analyzing/describing visual information; vocabulary building, story building

35. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JCloze Reading/listening comprehension Heinrich Heine: Die Lorelei Sample 9 JBC Multiple choice: reading comprehension (preparation of …) Heinrich Heine: Die Lorelei

36. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JCloze Reading/listening comprehension Heinrich Heine: Die Lorelei Sample 9 Learning Strategy: Cognition: listening/writing: activating prior knowledge; analyzing structural features of poetry JBC Preparation of reading comprehension Heinrich Heine: Die Lorelei

37. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JCloze GrammarAutofrei in Köln Sample 10 Learning Strategy: Training: grammatical structure drill Cognition: Remembering/ordering visual information

38. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition JBC/JCloze Listening Comprehension + text building Franz Kafka Das Leben Franz Kafkas Das Leben Franz Kafkas (II) Das Leben Franz Kafkas (III) Sample 10 Learning Strategy: Cognition: listening / recognizing key information (sample A) Training + Cognition: listening / grammatical knowledge [verb forms]; memory recall (sample B + C + D)

39. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition Sample 11 JBC Multiple choice: reading comprehension with timer Fremde in Deutschland Learning Strategy: Cognition: Comparing statements + text; reflection on text type (satire); speed reading

40. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition Sample 12 JQuiz Text entry Bitte, wie spät ist es denn? Learning Strategy: Training: vocab, spelling // listening

41. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition Sample 13 JQuiz Text entry Umwelt, Gift und Luft Learning Strategy: Training: vocab, spelling // listening; grammar (word to sentence / sentence structure [passive voice]

42. ONLINE EXERCISES Possible Functions: training + cognition Sample 14 JCross Crossword: Text entry Natur und Umwelt Learning Strategy: Cognition and Training: memory recall / vocab review

43. LANGUAGE LEARNING … and E-Exercises Most online exercise types provide more than simple training functions; they can make use of various cognitive strategies. The activation of specific learning strategies depends on the embedding of exercises in the GLEN and on combinatory variety.

44. LANGUAGE LEARNING … and E-Exercises E-exercises: short, unambiguous input (structures, words) or student decisions functional-notional/communicative approaches ?

45. LANGUAGE LEARNING Learning Sequence Classroom / non-IT homework E-exercise IT-mediated communication

46. 1.Listening Comprehension 2.Sound Discrimination 3.Vocabulary Building 4.Recognition and Usage of Grammatical Instruments 5.Functional/Notional Aspects 6.Preparing Free Conversation 7.Reading Comprehension 8.Writing 9.Text Analysis and Text Writing 10.Initiating Intercultural Awareness 11.Discovering Learning Styles 12.Project/Group Work 13.Games LANGUAGE LEARNING Typology of Activities Häussermann, Ulrich / Piepho, Hans-Eberhard (1996). Aufgaben- Handbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache. München: iudicium

47. LANGUAGE LEARNING Limitations of E-Exercises Type/Form Limits: Restrictions to sound / morpheme / word / phrase level Functional Limits: No communication individual student – software (simple feedback only)

48. COMBINATIONS Combined Exercises Sequencing of functionally/formally different E-exercises Sequence goal: acquisition of grammatical form: verb with detachable prefix

49. LANGUAGE LEARNING Learning Sequence 1. Classroom / non-IT homework 3. JMatch (matching, drag/drop) 9. Creative Writing (IT) 2. JQuiz (text entry) 2. reading + grammatical awareness 3. training (grammar/vocab) 4. JCloze (gap filling) 5. Reading 6. JBC (multiple choice) 7. TTSequitur (matching/connecting) 8. TTRhubarb (100% cloze) 4. training (vocab: verbs), spelling; grammar: verb forms 5. full text reading 6. text comprehension 7. text building 8. text reconstruction (focus: vocab, spelling, grammar) 9. text production (IT)

50. LANGUAGE LEARNING Learning Sequence 1. Classroom / non-IT homework 2. reading + grammatical awareness 3. training (grammar/vocab) 4. training (vocab: verbs), spelling; grammar: verb forms 5. full text reading 6. text comprehension 7. text building 8. text reconstruction (focus: vocab, spelling, grammar) 9. text production (IT) Kwan aus Ma On Shan Kwan aus Ma On Shan (p4gr) Sample 15

51. LANGUAGE LEARNING Learning Sequence 1. Classroom / non-IT homework 2. JMix 3. htm 4. JMix 5. JMix 6. JMix 7. JMix 8. JMix 15. text production (IT) Bilder einer Ausstellung (Pictures of an Exhibition)Bilder einer Ausstellung (Pictures of an Exhibition) (p20txt) Sample 16 9. JMix 10. JMix 11. JMatch 12. JMix 13. htm >> speaking 14. JCloze 16. htm 17. Creative Writing (IT)

52. COMBINATIONS Variety Principle Real Producer Include images and/or sound

53. COMBINATIONS HTML intermediate pages Introductions, brainstorming, intermediate summaries, etc.

54. COMBINATIONS topical principle avatars of students Studenten in Italien

55. COMBINATIONS topical principle games

56. COMBINATIONS topical principle games

57. COMBINATIONS topical principle games

58. COMBINATIONS Link Pages: Form and Function >> integrate exercises into GLEN (classroom, textbook, etc.) >> provide a coherent frame for all online/IT activities >> point out related, non-IT study material >> allow different work routines/selections according to user preferences German Stream: E-Learning SystemsGerman Stream: E-Learning Systems (online) Moment mal! – Study PathsMoment mal! – Study Paths (offline)

59. Linkage IT – GLEN Functions (Opportunities for): Training Cognition Information Communication Word Processing STUDY PATHS Characteristics

60. Gerngross, Günter / Puchta, Herbert (192). Creative Grammar Practice. Getting learners to use both sides of the brain. London: Longman Häussermann, Ulrich / Piepho, Hans-Eberhard (1996). Aufgaben-Handbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache. München: iudicium Munro, Catherine (2002): Showcase of interactive exercises. Karrabin/Queensland: West Moreton Anglican College [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzkmunr1/showcase/index.html], online 20/8/03]http://www.uq.net.au/~zzkmunr1/showcase/index.html Rinvolucri, Mario (1984). Grammar Games. Cognitive, affective and drama activities for EFL students. Cambridge: Cambridge University press Williams, Bard (1999). The Internet for Teachers. 3 rd.ed. Forster City: IDG Books Worldwide WWW-Lexikon: http://www.commando.de/glossar/index.htmhttp://www.commando.de/glossar/index.htm References

61. Deutsch-online.com / Österreich http://www.deutsch-online.com [online 7.8.2003]http://www.deutsch-online.com Holmes, Martin: Markin http://www.cict.co.uk/software/markin/index.htmhttp://www.cict.co.uk/software/markin/index.htm [online 3.9.2003] Holmes, Martin: Textoys (Web Rhubarb/WebSequitur) http://www.cict.co.uk/software/textoys/index.htmhttp://www.cict.co.uk/software/textoys/index.htm [online 3.9.2003] ICQ: http://www.icq.com/products/whatisicq.html [online 3.9.2003]http://www.icq.com/products/whatisicq.html Quintessential Instructional Archive (Eds.): Quia! http://www.quia.com/http://www.quia.com/ [online 3.9.2003] University of Victoria Language Centre (Eds.), Half-baked Software http://web.uvic.ca/langcen/halfbaked/index.htmhttp://web.uvic.ca/langcen/halfbaked/index.htm [online 3.9.2003] VITLE: http://www.ilearn.com.hk [online 3.9.2003]http://www.ilearn.com.hk Katherine Munro: Language Teaching Resources: http://www.uq.net.au/~zzkmunr1/german/index.htm [online 7.8.2003]http://www.uq.net.au/~zzkmunr1/german/index.htm MS Frontpage Macromedia Flash Macromedia Dreamweaver Real Producer Freeware: http://www.freewarenetz.dehttp://www.freewarenetz.de WWW/Software