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Topic 2 Chemical Basis of Life.

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Presentation on theme: "Topic 2 Chemical Basis of Life."— Presentation transcript:

1 Topic 2 Chemical Basis of Life

2 Atom- smallest stable unit of matter
Elements… Atom- smallest stable unit of matter 2.1.1

3 Atomic #... Atomic weight…

4 Isotopes Atoms with same atomic number, but different atomic weights.
2.2.2

5 Molecule of an element Molecule of a compound Compounds & molecules
2.1.3

6

7 Bonding of atoms 2.3(3,4)

8 Ionic bond 2.4.1

9 Covalent bond

10

11 2.4.6

12 Hydrogen bonds 2.5.5

13 Chemical reactions Synthesis Decomposition Exchange 2.8

14

15 Acids, bases, & salts Electrolytes pH = [H+] or [OH-]

16 2.12.2

17 Chemical constituents of cells
2.9.3

18 1. Water: Most abundant in living material. Universal solvent & medium
Transport for material High heat capacity & vaporization 2.11(1-3)

19 2. Oxygen (O2): 3. Carbon dioxide (CO2): For cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O 3. Carbon dioxide (CO2): Waste Forms weak acid in blood Then dissociates Can be a buffer in blood

20 4. Inorganic salts: Electrolytes dissociate to form ions Importance…
Water concentration pH balance blood clotting Bone development Energy transfer Muscle/nerve function

21 Organic molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
“Polymers of monomers”

22 Carbohydrates Purpose: Main energy source Raw material
Short-term energy storage Naming… Classification… 2.14.1

23 Simple sugars 2.14

24 2.14(3,4)

25 Complex sugars 2.14.5

26 Long-term energy storage Membrane structure Characteristics… Elements…
Lipids Purpose: Long-term energy storage Membrane structure Characteristics… Elements… Hydrophobic Fatty acids… 2.15(1,3)

27 2.11.6

28 Uses: Energy Storage Insulation Protection Fats vs oils Triglycerides
2.15.4

29 Phospholipids & glycolipids
Uses: Cell membranes 2.16.3

30

31 Cholesterol & Steroids

32 Synthesized by the liver Uses: Strengthens cell membranes
Starts as cholesterol Synthesized by the liver Uses: Strengthens cell membranes Gets converted to steroids Estrogen Testosterone Aldosterone 2.16.2

33 Structural building blocks Enzyme/hormones Energy source
Proteins Purpose: Structural building blocks Enzyme/hormones Energy source Characteristics: Elements… Amino acids… Shape… 2.17.1

34

35

36 Peptide bonds 2.17.2

37 2.17.4

38

39 Denaturation Conformation change Shape is… Function is …
Denaturing agents: Heat Radiation pH extremes chemicals

40 Stores genetic information Control protein synthesis
Nucleic acids Purpose: Stores genetic information Control protein synthesis Regulates cellular activity Characteristics: Elements… Nucleotides… Genetic code… 2.20.1

41

42 2.20.2

43 DNA Sugar

44 Nitrogen Bases 2.20.1

45 Hydrogen bonds

46 Complimentary pairing
2.20.3

47 RNA

48 RNA sugar

49 Works with genetic material to create… 3 kinds:
RNA bases Made from… Single strand Works with genetic material to create… 3 kinds: mRNA tRNA rRNA 2.20.4

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