1. Lesson 1

2. Gettysburg

3. Focus You are going to look at two key questions:
To what extent was Gettysburg the key turning point of the war?
Why was the Confederacy defeated?

4. Tasks Read pages 164- 172 and make notes on the remaining battles.
Use illustrations etc. to help you remember the key battles and their outcomes.
Is it simply a case of inevitable victory for the Union following Gettysburg? For each battle give it a turning point rating: 10 This is the moment that changed the war- 1 Nothing new here.
Go back to your Battles hand out and do the same for all the earlier battles.

5. Turning Points Top 3
For each of the top three battles/events that you consider to be the most significant turning points write a paragraph justifying why it was a key turning point.
Under your paragraph produce a set of bullet points that would be the basis of a counter argument for that battle/ event being the key turning point.

6. What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs?.
Penny

7. 50 QUESTIONS
The rules are simple… There are 50 questions. We will go around the classroom, with one person answering one question. At the end of the 50 questions, you will receive a time and a number of correct answers out of 50.

8. By the end of this lesson, everybody will be able to…
IDENTIFY internal and external reasons why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War
EXPLAIN how important each reason is
JUDGE AND JUSTIFY why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War

9. Was the cause of Confederate defeat external, or internal?
The key historiographical debate about the Civil War in general, is whether the cause of Confederate defeat external, or internal…
Those who emphasize internal causes attribute the failure to breakdowns in Confederate leadership, both political and military, and errors on the battlefield.
Those who stress external causes attribute this defeat to the military might of the Union, Lincoln’s wartime leadership, and Union general-ship.

10. Reasons for Confederate Defeat in the American Civil War
Internal
External
Missed Confederate Opportunities
Military Leadership
Too attack minded?
Guerrilla warfare
Focus too much on Virginia
Western Commanders
Confederate will
Lack of nationalism
Religious doubts
Slavery qualms
Division of the Confederacy
Confederate Women
Robert E. Lee
Confederate Leadership (Davis)
Skill of the Union Generals
Strength of the Union Will
Union Leadership (Abraham Lincoln)
Emancipation Proclaimation
Reasons for Confederate Defeat in the American Civil War

11. Why did the Confederacy lose the American Civil War?
Use one colour to identify internal reasons, and a to identify external reasons
Decide how important each reason is. The more important the reason, the bigger the circle.
Make notes on each reason, either on the back on the A3 sheet, or on A4 lined paper.
REASON X
INTERNAL
REASON X
EXTERNAL
REASON X
REASON X
REASON X
REASON X
REASON X

12. Lesson 2

14. By the end of this lesson, everybody will be able to…
IDENTIFY internal and external reasons why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War
EXPLAIN how important each reason is
JUDGE AND JUSTIFY why the Confederacy lost the American Civil War

15. Exam Preparation Internal External missed Confederate opportunities
military and political leadership
effectiveness of the ‘offensive-defensive’ strategy
failure to make better use of guerrilla warfare
lack of nationalism/will
preoccupation with Virginia.
External
Union comparative strength in man and industry
the Emancipation Proclamation
Skill of Union generals and Lincoln

16. Internal
Missed Confederate opportunities - early stages of the war (battle handout)
First Bull Run
Jackson at Seven Days
Poor leadership at Vicksburg and Gettysburg
Military and Political leadership
Jefferson Davis
Johnston
Difference between the East and the West
Effectiveness of the ‘offensive-defensive’ strategy (p.175-6)
Impact on Manpower
Outcome of battles where Lee is offensive
Preoccupation with Virginia. (pp.176-7)
Resources
Davis influence
Impact in the West

17. External: Failure to make better use of guerrilla warfare (p.176)
Beginning they were not organised
Lack of Strategy
Spin out of control
When tried to be organised – they don’t like it
Lack of nationalism/will
Perceived division between classes in the Confederacy
Centralised government
Shared values with the North
Religion (God’s will)

18. External Union comparative strength in man and industry Population
Railway
Industrial Production
The Emancipation Proclamation
Support from Britain
South manpower shortage/troops for North
Nature of the Civil War (preserve Union > war against slavery)
Skill of Union generals and Lincoln
Lincoln effective leadership
Grant and Sherman
Strength of Union Will
Life went on as usual (not invaded)
Union losses were lower
Prosperity during the war
Campaigns and battle outcomes

19. FACTOR: ________________
POINT
EVIDENCE
EXPLAIN
JUDGEMENT

20. Introduction
Context – background information to the question/what you are going to talk about.
Criteria – how will you judge whether X is a major cause of division between the North and South
Argument – what is your essay going to argue

21. Conclusion Summarise your judgement on each factor you mention
Come to your overall argument

22. RANDOM

23. V. Was the Union victory inevitable given its advantages? AGREE
Union victory was inevitable given its advantages
Disagree
Union victory was not inevitable given its advantages V.
USE your notes to form your argument
TOP TIP! READ WHAT THE OTHER SIDE ARE GOING TO ARGUE, CAN YOU COUNTER WHAT THEY WILL SAY?
Kind

24. Power
Political/Military leadership
Virginia
Emancipation
Union General
Lincoln
Missed Opportunity
Nationalism
Guerrilla
Attack minded
Get students to link together the reasons for the failure of the Confederacy

25. The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, It purported to change the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from "slave" to "free", although its actual effect was less. It had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. Eventually it reached and liberated all of the designated slaves. It was issued as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States.[2]