1. South American Revolutions for Independence

2. Map of South America Today

3. Map of Latin American Populations

4. I Conditions that lead to War for Independence
Africans
1. Enslaved, no freedom or pay
2. Poorly treated
B. Native Americans
1. Loss of land & resources
2. Racial discrimination

5. I Conditions that lead to War for Independence
C. Creoles (Crillos)
1. Fearing slave revolt
2. wanting more wealth
3. access to world markets
4. wanting more control of laws, etc

6. II. The War for Independence Begins

7. II. The War for Independence Begins in Venezuela
On July 5, 1811, Venezuela declared independence from Spain
On July 12, 1812, Spain defeated Venezuela
The creoles abandoned the struggle, but Africans & Mulattoes continued to fight

8. III. War for Independence Spreads
A. Simon Bolivar, a Creole continued to fight
1. known as El Libertador
2. Began a new military campaign
a. took control of New Granada
(Panama, Colombia, Ecuador &
Venezuela)
b tried to re-take Caracas,
Venezuela, but failed

9. III. War for Independence Spreads

10. III. War for Independence Spreads
c. Bolivar took refuge in Jamaica,
d. Bolivar returned to Venezuela with
Haitian aid in 1817
e. By 1822, Bolivar had freed
Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia
& Panama

11. Battle of Boyaca, Colombia

12. Battle of Carabobo, Venezuela

13. IV. War for Independence Continues
A. In Argentina, the fight for independence
began:
, Jose de San Martin led forces in San Lorenzo, Argentina where they were victorious
Martin began his march
through the Andes Mountains

14. Battle of Chucabuco

15. Battle of Maipu

16. IIV. War for Independence Continues
3. By 1817, San Martin crossed into
Chile
4. In 1818, he was victorious in the Battle of Chacabuco & Battle of
Maipu
5. In1820, San Martin finally reached Lima, Peru where he said “

17. San Martin Proclaiming Peruvian Independence from Spain

18. IV. War for Independence Continues
5. In1820, San Martin finally reached Lima, Peru where he said
“My announcement is not that of a conqueror that tries to create a new enslavement. I cannot help but be an accidental instrument of justice and agent of destiny. The outcome of victory will make Peru's capital see for the first time their sons united, freely choosing their government and emerging into the face of earth among the rank of nations”.

19. V. The Guayaquil Conference
A. In 1822, Bolivar & San Martin met in Guayaquil, Ecuador on July 22, 1822
B. Both men met behind closed doors & decided the following:
1. End the war for independence quickly
2. Organize the different republics

20. V. The Guayaquil Conference
3. San Martin turned his power over to Bolivar 4. Bolivar & San Martin kept slavery , after promising to free Africans & Native Americans

21. Map of South American Independence

22. VI. South American Independence
Bolivar continued to fight for the complete liberation of Peru
By 1822 South America except for Brazil, the Guyanas & Suriname were free of European control

23. VI. South American Independence
C. Brazil gained independence in 1822, but was still under a Portuguese “Emperor” , Dom Pedro, until 1889
D. Brazil continued slavery until 1889.