1. Innovation System Performance – how and what to measure?
Birgitte Gregersen
Department of business and management
Aalborg university
Globelics Academy
Tampere
May 2017

2. Agenda
What do we mean by the performance of a National Systems of Innovation?
How and what to measure?
Innovation Union Scoreboard as point of departure
Why?
Informing policy makers
Informing managers (input to strategies)
Informing theory of innovation
Reflections for empirical studies
Why?
The idea of building and promoting IS is appealing to both high and income countries
Bench-marking of different NSIs has been introduced by various national and international policy analysis institutions
Olympic medal counting (Archibugi & Coco, 2005)
different measurements have been constructed and they are widely used in these policy papers. UNCTAD ICI, ArCo Index, IUS, etc.
we need some kind of performance measures
but the ones we have are not satisfactory

3. Source: EIS 2016

4. Source: EIS 2016

5. Source: EIS 2016

6. Group work (10 minutes) Group 1: discuss indicators of “enablers” Group 2: discuss indicators of “firm activities” Group 3: discuss indicators of “outputs” What is measured and what is not?

7. Source: EIS 2016

8. Source: EIS 2016

9. Source: EIS 2016

10. 2) What do we mean by the performance of a National Systems of Innovation?
Why?
The idea of building and promoting IS is appealing to both high and income countries
Bench-marking of different NSIs has been introduced by various national and international policy analysis institutions
Olympic medal counting (Archibugi & Coco, 2005)
different measurements have been constructed and they are widely used in these policy papers. UNCTAD ICI, ArCo Index, IUS, etc.
we need some kind of performance measures
but the ones we have are not satisfactory

11. Narrow and broad performance of NSI
Narrow Performance
Broad performance
Narrow NSI approach
Patents
Scientific publications
New high-tech product
Number of high-tech spin-off companies
University-Industry collaboration
Broad NSI approach
New to the market innovations (incl. medium and low tech sectors)
UNCTAD ICI
ArCo index
Organizational innovations
Innovation in health care and education
Environmental innovations
European Innovation scoreboard, IUS (SII)
What do we mean by the performance of a NSI?
If we have been neocl.: growth (the whole process collapses into one variable, GDP per capita)
The concept of IS was developed to emphasize the interdependency between technical, organizational and institutional change in the process of innovation
Innovation is a too complicated process to be reflected in one indicator
Narrow and broad NSI
Narrow and broad performance - examples
double-narrow, double-broad - examples
Gregersen & Johnson (2005)

12. Discrete and embedded performance of (broadly defined) NSI
Discrete performance
Embedded performance
(econ. performance)
Socio-economic performance
Narrow performance concept
Scientific publications
Citations
Patents
Productivity growth
Employment
Bal. of Payment
Broad performance concept
Formation of new firms
System Linkages
UNCTAD ICI
ArCo index
UNIDO IPI
Investment
Export market shares
UNDP HDI
Social capital
Sustainable growth
European Innovation
scoreboard, IUS
Embedded performance: the contribution of innovations processes to what is traditionally called economic performance (employment, growth, social security...)
Gregersen & Johnson (2005)

13. Static and dynamic performance of NSI
Discrete performance
Embedded performance
(econ. performance)
Socio-economic performance
Static performance concept
Number of engineers and scientists per capita
Patents
Productivity growth
UNIDO IPI
UNDP HDI
Social capital
Dynamic performance concept
Education and comp. building
Labour mobility
Knowledge sharing
Social security
Political freedom
Transparency
European Innovation
scoreboard, IUS
Static and dynamic measure
A static view focus on for instance the number of innovations produced in a certain period
A dynamic view focus on the creation of environments and competencies capable of sustaining and increasing learning and innovation in the future
Gregersen & Johnson (2005)

14. What are the main take away from today?
Group work
What are the main take away from today?