1. Starter Task Which axis does an abdominal curl take place on?
Which plane does a bicep curl occur on?
Which plane(s) does a lat pulldown occur on?
Name the axes of the body.

2. Level 3 Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise and Health
Joints
Level 3 Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise and Health

3. By the end of this session you will be able to:
Learning outcomes
By the end of this session you will be able to:
Describe the structure of the shoulder girdle, upper arm, lower arm and the wrist and hand and the associated muscles and ligaments.

4. The shoulder girdle

5. The only bone in the upper arm is the humerus.
The upper arm and shoulder joint
The only bone in the upper arm is the humerus.
It fits into the glenoid cavity of the shoulder girdle.
The shoulder joint is quite shallow, giving a large range of movement
The stability of the shoulder joint comes primarily from a small group of muscles called the rotator cuff.

6. The upper arm and shoulder joint

7. The lower arm elbow and wrist
There are two long bones in the lower arm – the radius and the ulna.
The ulna is slightly longer than the radius and has a much more prominent proximal head called the olecranon process that can be felt at the elbow joint.

8. The lower arm elbow and wrist

9. The lower arm elbow and wrist
The radius and the ulna are connected to each other by a synovial pivot joint, both at their proximal and distal ends, called the radioulnar joints.
In contrast, it is the radius that is far more prominent at the wrist.
The wrist and hand
The hand is composed of 27 small bones. The true wrist is composed of eight cuboid bones, the carpals, which form gliding synovial joints, giving a large degree of flexibility to the whole hand.
The carpals are roughly arranged in two rows and the two biggest bones of the first row form the synovial joint with the radius. The second row articulates with the five metacarpals that radiate out to form the palm.
The four fingers (or phalanges) are composed of three bony segments, articulating with each other via synovial hinge joints.
The thumb, however, has only two segments. The articulation between the thumb and the first metacarpal is a synovial saddle joint

10. Task With a partner, palpate the following: Scapula Acromium Clavicle
Humerus
Distal end of the radioulnar joint

11. Review: 3 in 3
Which bones (not features) meet at the acromioclavicular joint?
What is the role of the interosseous membrane?
What is the difference between the metacarpophalangeal joints between the fingers and the thumb?