2. PHOTOGRAPHY VOCABULARY AND DEFINITIONS :
COMPOSITION:
Composing an image means choosing to arrange the elements (parts) in relationship with each other, it in a way that suits the core idea, meaning or purpose of your work.
The elements may be a landscape or background and a subject (person) or object.
Arranging elements can be done by either moving yourself or the objects or subjects.
Good composition will make you focus on the most interesting part of something that you may not notice in everyday life.
By creating good composition you should also create an image that is more pleasing to look at.
Bad background/
point of view and lighting
Good background/
point of view and lighting

3. FOREGROUND, MIDDLE GROUND, BACKGROUND
The foreground, middle ground, and background in a composition are generally divided into three planes. The foreground of a composition is the visual plane that appears closest to the viewer, while the background is the plane in a composition perceived furthest from the viewer. The middle ground is the visual plane located between both the foreground and background.
It is important to consider all parts of the image. Most people naturally focus on the foreground because it is in front. In a well composed photograph the background should support the foreground and NOT distract from it.

4. THE SUBJECT OR SUBJECT MATTER
SUBJECT: The subject is the main object in the picture, the subject matter is the topic or context of the picture.
If it is a landscape, it is the landscape itself. If it is a portrait, it is the person in the portrait. If it is a group of people playing a sport, it is the game.
The subject matter is what you choose to focus on for the picture
The subject is the fish. It is clearly defined as the subject because the photographer has only focussed on the fish and there are no distracting objects or colours in the background.
The subject is the landscape. There are no particular objects competing for the attention of the landscape in this image.

5. EXPOSURE: The amount of light that passes through the camera and is exposed to the digital light receptors that makes the photograph.
CORRECT EXPOSURE-
AN EVEN BALANCE OF SHADOWS MID TONES AND HIGHLIGHTS. ALWAYS AIM FOR THIS!
UNDER EXPOSURE - PHOTOGRAPH IS TOO DARK
OVER EXPOSURE – PHOTOGRAPH IS TOO LIGHT/BRIGHT
EXPOSURE

6. POINT OF VIEW:
Where the camera is pointed in relation to the subject of the photo.
I want you to show a change in POV from your normal eye-level.
A high angle shot (from above) can make the subject look small or weak or vulnerable.
A low-angle shot (LA) is taken from below the subject and has the power to make the subject look powerful or threatening.

7. FRAMING:
Framing is the technique of drawing attention to the subject of your image by blocking other parts of the image with something in the scene. It can also be used to balance a subject within the composition.
The benefits of framing pictures include:
1. giving the photo context (for example the dollhouse doorway makes a perfect frame for a portrait of the young girl.)
2. giving images a sense of depth and layers (in essence framing a shot generally puts something in the foreground which adds an extra dimension to the shot).
3. leading the eye towards your main focal point (some ‘frames’ can draw your photo’s viewer into the picture just by their shape). Some also believe that a frame can not only draw the eye into a picture but that it keeps it there longer – giving a barrier between your subject and the outside of the shot.

8. RULE OF THIRDS:
In the rule of thirds, photos are divided into thirds with two imaginary lines vertically and two lines horizontally making three columns, three rows, and nine sections in the images. Important compositional elements and leading lines are placed on or near the imaginary lines and where the lines intersect.
Putting the horizon (horizontal) line along the top third gives focus to the texture and pattern of the rocks. By using a low angle point of view, there is strong contrast between the warm colours in the bottom 2 thirds (foreground) and the cool colours in the stormy sky.
Putting the horizon (horizontal) line along the bottom third gives focus to the sky and sunset.
To add interest there is also a silhouette of a tree in the right hand vertical third. This balances the sunset on the left-hand vertical third

9. Rule of Thirds Example: Landscapes
When taking a picture of a landscape, it’s natural to want to centre the horizon in the frame. However, pictures often look better if the horizon falls on the upper or lower horizontal dividing line.
If the focus of your image is on land (i.e. mountains, buildings), the horizon should fall near the upper third.
If the focus is the sky (i.e. sunsets, sunrises), the horizon should fall near the lower third.
Here is an example of the rule of thirds for a landscape photo. The focus is on the land area rather than the sky so the bottom two-thirds of the photograph are filled with land and the top third is sky.
Here is an example of the rule of thirds for a sunset photo. The focus is on the sunset and sky area so it takes up the top two-thirds of the photograph and the bottom third is sea.

10. RULE OF THIRDS: Counterpoint
You can enhance the picture composition even more by creating a counterpoint. If you place your primary focal point at the thirds position, you can place a secondary focal point at the diagonally opposite thirds position, as in the following images.
Main and secondary focal points at diagonally-opposite thirds positions.