1. Properties of Matter Physical vs. Chemical
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Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Matter
Matter
Has both physical and chemical properties.

3. Physical Properties Physical properties are
Characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.
Shape, state of matter, odor, conductivity, boiling and freezing points, density, solubility, and color of that substance.
Can help you ID an unknown substance
EX: If I freeze water, it's still water.
Water boils at 100°C.
NaCl is soluble in water.

4. Physical Properties of Copper
Copper has the following
physical properties:
Reddish-orange
Very shiny
Excellent conductor of heat and electricity
Solid at 25C
Melting point 1083C
Boiling point 2567 C
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. States of Matter The states of matter are Solid
Definite volume and shape
Liquid
Definite volume, but take the
shape of its container
Gas
No definite volume or shape
Plasma—high energy, high temperature phase where electrons are moving (fluorescent bulb; stars)
Bose-Einstein condensate—at temps close to absolute zero, matter behaves like waves and behaves oddly

6. Physical Properties can be Intensive or Extensive
Intensive: any property that is true no matter how much of a substance is present.
Ex: Density of Al
Both samples of Al have same density, 2.70 g/mL, no matter how much Al is present

7. Physical Properties can be Intensive or Extensive
Extensive: any property that is true because of the amount of substance that is present.
Ex: Mass of Al
The dish of Al has a mass of g, but the pallets of Al ingots have a mass of kg

8. Physical Change A physical change occurs in a substance if there is
A change in the state of matter.
A change in the physical shape.
No change in the identity and composition of the substance.

9. Examples of Changes of State
Some changes of state for water:
Solid water (ice) melts and forms liquid water.
Liquid water boils and forms gaseous water (steam).
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Examples of Physical Changes
Paper torn into little pieces (change of size)
Copper hammered into thin sheets (change of shape)
Water poured into a glass (change of shape)
Salt dissolving in water
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. Learning Check Classify each of the following as a
1) change of state 2) change of shape
A. Chopping a log into kindling
B. Water boiling in a pot
C. Ice cream melting
D. Ice forming in a freezer
E. Cutting dough into strips

12. Solution Classify each of the following as a
1) change of state 2) change of shape
A. (2) Chopping a log into kindling
B. (1) Water boiling in a pot
C. (1) Ice cream melting
D. (1) Ice forming in a freezer
E. (2) Cutting dough into strips

13. Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe
the ability of a substance
To react with other substances and to become something new.
…flammability, reactivity, corrosiveness are examples
Example:
Iron has the ability to form rust (iron oxide) when exposed to oxygen.
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Learning Check
Classify each of the following properties as physical or chemical:
A. Ice melts in the sun
B. Copper is a shiny metal
C. Paper can burn
D. A silver knife can tarnish
E. A magnet removes iron particles
from a mixture

15. Solution
Classify each of the following properties as physical or chemical:
A. Ice melts in the sun (physical)
B. Copper is a shiny metal (physical)
C. Paper can burn (chemical)
D. A silver knife can tarnish (chemical)
E. A magnet removes iron particles
from a mixture (physical)

16. Chemical Change In a chemical change, a new substance forms that has…
A new composition (atoms are rearranged)
New chemical and physical properties
when compared to the original substance/s.
What clues indicate this????????
Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. Chemical Change Indicators
Unexpected Color Change
Precipitate (solid that forms when two aqueous solutions combine)
Gas production (bubbles produced)
Temperature change-(Be careful!! This one by itself can’t be trusted)
Light given off

18. Some Chemical Changes
Silver tarnishes Shiny metal reacts to form black, grainy coating.
Wood burns A piece of wood burns with a bright flame to form ash, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat.
Iron rusts A shiny nail combines with oxygen to form orange-red rust.

19. Learning Check
Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical
A. Burning a candle.
B. Ice melting on the street.
C. Toasting a marshmallow.
D. Cutting a pizza.
E. Iron rusting in an old car

20. Solution
Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical
A. Burning a candle. (chemical)
B. Ice melting on the street. (physical)
C. Toasting a marshmallow. (chemical)
D. Cutting a pizza. (physical)
E. Iron rusting in an old car. (chemical)