1. Fig. 3.14 Chromatin Chromosome Proteins DNA
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Chromatin
Chromosome
Proteins
DNA

2. Fig

3. Fig. 3.22 1 DNA contains the information necessary to
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1
DNA contains the
information
necessary to
produce proteins.
Nucleolus
DNA strand 1 2
Transcription of one
DNA strand results
in mRNA, which is
a complementary
copy of the
information in the
DNA strand needed
to make a protein.
mRNA strand 2
Nucleus
Transcription
Cytoplasm 3
The mRNA leaves
the nucleus and
goes to a ribosome. 3
Arginine 4
Amino acids, the
building blocks of
proteins, are carried
to the ribosome by
tRNAs. U
tRNA C G 5 5
In the process of
translation, the
information
contained in mRNA
is used to
determine the
number, kinds, and
arrangement of
amino acids in the
polypeptide chain. T r
anslation
Arginine
Aspartic
acid
Amino acid pool 4
mRNA strand U C A G G A C U U C
Polypeptide
chain A G
Ribosome

4. XX XY XX XY XX XX XY XY Meiosis Meiosis Meiosis Sperm cells X Y X X
Fig
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. XX XX XY XY
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Sperm cells X Y XX XY X X
Female
Male
Possible
combinations
Oocytes XX XY X X
Female
Male
50%
female
50%
male
(XX)
(XY)

5. Normal carrier Normal carrier
Fig
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Mother (normal carrier)
Father (normal carrier) Aa Aa Aa Aa
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Sperm cells A a AA Aa A A
Normal
carrier
Normal
Possible
combinations
Oocytes Aa aa a a
Normal
carrier
Albino
Genotype and phenotype probabilities: 1 4
AA (normal) : 1 2
Aa (normal carrier) : 1 4
aa (albino)

6. Mother (normal carrier) Father (normal)
Fig
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Mother (normal carrier)
Father (normal)
X HY h
X HY h
X HY
X HY
Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Sperm cells
X H Y
X H
X H
X HX H
X HY
Oocytes
Possible
combinations
X h
X h
X HX h
X hY
Genotype and phenotype probabilities: 1 4
X HX H (normal female) : 1 4
X HX h (carrier female) : 1 4
X HY (normal male) : 1 4
X hY (male with hemophilia)

7. (all): ©Prisma Bildagentur AG/Alamy
Fig. 9A
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(a)
(b)
(all): ©Prisma Bildagentur AG/Alamy

8. Fig. 20.22 a a b b c c A A B B C C (very light) (very dark) A a B b C
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. a a b b c c A A B B C C
(very light)
(very dark) A a B b C c
(all offspring)
(a) A a B b C c A a B b C c 30 20
Percentage of offspring 10 a a b b c c A A B B C C A a b b c c A A B B C c
(two other combinations)
(two other combinations) A a B b c c A A B b C c
(five other combinations)
(five other combinations) A a B b C c
(b)
(six other combinations)

9. Fig. 20A
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. a a a a a b a a a a b a b b b a c b b d b c c b d c b c b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 a a b a a b a c a c a b b a a b a b c b b b a a d 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 X Y
Chromosome pairs 1.
a. Gaucher disease 7.
a. Diabetes*
13.
a. Breast cancer*
20.
a. Severe combined
immunodeficiency
b. Prostate cancer
b. Osteogenesis imperfecta
b. Retinoblastoma
c. Glaucoma
c. Cystic fibrosis
c. Wilson disease
21.
a. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis*
d. Alzheimer disease*
d. Obesity*
14.
a. Alzheimer disease*
22.
a. DiGeorge syndrome 2.
a. Familial colon cancer* 8.
a. Werner syndrome
15.
a. Marfan syndrome
b. Neurofibromatosis, type 2
b. Waardenburg syndrome
b. Burkitt lymphoma
b. Tay-Sachs disease X
a. Duchenne muscular
dystrophy 3.
a. Lung cancer 9.
a. Malignant melanoma
16.
a. Polycystic kidney disease
b. Retinitis pigmentosa*
b. Friedreich ataxia
b. Crohn disease*
b. Menkes syndrome 4.
a. Huntington disease
c. Tuberous sclerosis
17.
a. Tumor suppressor protein
c. X-linked severe combined
immunodeficiency
b. Parkinson disease
10.
a. Multiple endocrine neoplasia,
type 2
b. Breast cancer* 5.
a. Cockayne syndrome
c. Osteogenesis imperfecta
d. Factor VIII deficiency
(hemophilia A)
b. Familial polyposis of the
colon
b. Gyrate atrophy
18.
a. Amyloidosis
11.
a. Sickle-cell anemia
b. Pancreatic cancer*
c. Asthma
b. Multiple endocrine neoplasia
19.
a. Familial hypercholesterolemia 6.
a. Spinocerebellar ataxia
12.
a. Zellweger syndrome
b. Myotonic dystrophy
b. Diabetes*
b. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
c. Epilepsy*
*Gene responsible for only some cases.