1. Unit 10: Endocrine System

2. Robert Wadlow https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7N4bg1btzY4
Robert’s human growth hormones went crazy and unchecked and because of that he never stopped growing until he died…

3. Endocrine System: Structure and Function

4. Endocrine System Structures
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Thymus
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands (suprarenal)
Pancreas
Testes (gonads)
Ovaries (gonads)

5. Color the Structures Pituitary gland : RED Hypothalamus : ORANGE
Pineal gland : LIGHT BLUE
Thymus : YELLOW
Thyroid gland : BROWN
Parathyroid glands : WHITE
Adrenal glands : BLUE
Pancreas : BLACK
Testes : RED
Ovaries : RED

7. Hypothalamus
1. Located at the base of the brain, Superior to Brainstem
2. Maintains all Homeostasis in body.
3. Not part of the Endocrine System but it controls the release of hormones from it.
4. Part of the Brain that connects the Nervous System to the Endocrine System (Pituitary gland).

8. Pituitary Gland:
1. Located at the base of brain Inferior to Hypothalamus 2. “Pea” sized structure 3. The “Boss” of the Endocrine System. Controls all other glands.
Neurohypophysis: (Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland)
“Store House” for hormones that were produced by the Hypothalamus

9. Pineal Gland 1. Located in Deep in center of Brain
2. Maintains Circadian Rhythm (biological clock)
3. Regulates reproductive hormones

10. Adrenal Glands 1. Located on top of the kidneys (suprarenal)
2. “Fight or Flight” response
3. Also produces steroid hormones like Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids

11. Thymus Gland
1. Located Posterior to Lungs 2. Active during puberty then shrinks away.

12. Thyroid Gland 1. Located in throat area surrounding Trachea
2. Controls metabolism

13. Parathyroid Glands 1. Located with the Thyroid in throat area
2. Regulates Calcium levels

14. Pancreas
1. Located Posterior to Stomach 2. Regulates Blood Sugar

15. Testes
1. Located in the pubic region 2. Male Characteristics 3. Testes are Gonads because they produce gametes (sperm)

16. Ovaries 1. Located on each side of lower abdomen
2. Female Characteristics
3. Ovaries are Gonads because they produce gametes (ova)

17. Endocrine System Hormone List
Epinepherine (Adrenaline): Increases heart rate and breathing; Adrenal Glands
Insulin: Lowers blood sugar level; Pancreas
Glucagon: Raises blood sugar level; Pancreas
Melatonin: Biological clock; Pineal Gland
Oxytocin: Contractions during childbirth, Breast feeding, “Cuddling”; Hypothalamus
Testosterone: Male characteristics; Testes
Estrogen: Female characteristics; Ovaries
Progesterone: Maintains pregnancy; Ovaries
Human Growth (HGH): Growth and Development; Pituitary Gland
Serotonin: Mood, Appetite, Sleep, Memory, and Learning; Pineal Gland
Dopamine: Pleasure/Pain, Addiction, Lust, Risk v. Reward, Emotions; Pituitary Gland
Thyroxine: Regulates metabolism; Thyroid
Cortisol: Stress; Adrenal Glands
Endorphins: Pain block; Pituitary Gland
Thymosin: Makes WBC’s lymphocytes; Thymus
*Glucocorticoid: Regulates metabolism; Adrenal Glands
*Mineralocorticoid: Controls mineral homeostasis; Adrenal Glands