1. NATURAL GAS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
MissWruble
Mrs. Bonagura

2. Natural Gas Seven (7) parts Exploration Extraction Production
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources
Seven (7) parts
Exploration
Extraction
Production
Transport
Storage
Distribution
Marketing

3. Exploration Geological Surveys Seismic Exploration Exploratory Wells
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources
Geological Surveys
Seismic Exploration
Exploratory Wells
Computer Assisted Exploration

4. Extraction Horizontal Drilling Hydraulic Fracturing
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources
Horizontal Drilling
Hydraulic Fracturing
Click HERE to see a drill site created
Picture above taken at Cabot
Natural Gas drilling site

5. Production Wellhead Processing Plant (Refinery)
4.2.7.A. Know that raw materials come from natural resources
Wellhead
The spot on the Earth’s surface where the natural gas is collected. (see picture below – Cabot wellhead)
Processing Plant (Refinery)
Where natural gas is treated before going to market.

6. Transport Pipeline gathering system interstate pipeline system
4.2.7.C. Explain natural resource distribution.
Pipeline
gathering system
From wellhead to processing plant
interstate pipeline system
From processing to areas with high demand
distribution system
Delivers to retail costumers

7. Storage Underground Facilities Liquid Natural Gas Aquifers
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources
Underground Facilities
Aquifers
Depleted Reservoirs
Salt Caverns
Liquid Natural Gas
Can be stored in above ground containers

8. Distribution
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources
Small pipelines going from the utility company to the consumers home or business

9. Marketing Buying and Selling
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources
Buying and Selling

10. Effects on Wildlife Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth.
4.3.7.C .Explain biological diversity.
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth.
This includes all organisms, their genes, and the ecosystems they are a part of.

11. Effects on Wildlife Why is biodiversity important?
4.3.7.C .Explain biological diversity.
Why is biodiversity important?
The quality of our lives depends on it.
For example…
The various plant species perform many very important tasks on Earth
Taking in carbon dioxide
Giving off oxygen
Preventing soil from washing away
Humans depend on plants for these reasons, and other species depend on them too as sources of food and shelter.

12. Effects on Wildlife
4.8.7.C .Explain how human activities may affect local, regional and national environments.
Any change in an ecosystem affects many different parts of the ecosystem.
In Pennsylvania drilling sites are:
generally on farmland which has already been cleared of trees for farming purposes
Also on hillsides where trees must be cleared away
The pad site is usually between 4 and 6 acres.
Once drilling is complete some of the land can be brought back to its original state
At least one acre will remain disturbed (well site)

13. Effects on Wildlife Natural gas drilling changes the landscape.
4.8.7.C .Explain how human activities may affect local, regional and national environments.
Natural gas drilling changes the landscape.
What does this mean for the wildlife that lives in the area?
Certain organisms will die
The ecological community will be lost
The landscape will not be completely restored to the original community
Habitat fragmentation will occur

14. Effects on Wildlife
4.8.7.C .Explain how human activities may affect local, regional and national environments.
Habitat fragmentation occurs when an organisms’ habitat is altered or changed, creating separate “islands” of habitat.
Many things change habitat throughout the natural gas drilling process:
Access roads to drilling sites
Pipelines
Well pads
How does habitat fragmentation affect wildlife?
Wildlife loses space and resources
More predation
Some wildlife may not be able to live with changing conditions

15. Effects on Wildlife
4.8.7.C .Explain how human activities may affect local, regional and national environments.
Some wildlife will be tolerant of the disturbances, but others who have very specific needs and a specific habitat will die.
Blue Jay – Tolerant of disturbance Scarlet Tanager- intolerant of disturbance
If certain organisms can no longer exist in an area because of habitat disturbance the biodiversity of the area decreases.

16. Vocabulary Biodiversity- is the variety of life on Earth
Ecosystem- A community of living organisms and their physical and chemical environment
Fragmentation- the process of breaking into smaller pieces
Horizontal drilling- drilling a well and turning the drill so that it runs parallel to the Earth’s surface
Hydraulic fracturing- a method of using water pressure to break rocks to release and collect natural gas
Natural gas- fossil fuel comprised mostly of methane

17. Web Resources for students to visit
Habitat Fragmentation- / html
Biodiversity- diversity_main.html
Cabot Well Site Slideshow- wellsite2.html

18. Sites http://www.naturalgas.org/

19. Standards 4.2.7.A. Know that raw materials come from natural resources
4.2.7.C. Explain natural resource distribution.
4.3.7.C .Explain biological diversity.
4.8.7.B Explain how people use natural resources.
4.8.7.C .Explain how human activities may affect local, regional and national environments.