1. South Asia EFA Mid-Term Policy Review: India
Moving Forward

2. Schemes to achieve EFA in India
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) [Goal 1]
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan [Goal 2]
Comprehensive Plan for Adolescents, especially girls [Goal 3]
National Literacy Mission (NLM) for adult education and bridging gender and regional disparities [Goals 3 & 4]
Special Schemes targeted at girls in schools [Goal 5]
Quality focus in all education schemes [Goal 6]
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3. ECCE [Goal 1] Existing Schemes - ICDS - pre-school component in SSA
- ECCE component in Integrated Education for Disabled Children
- National Rural Health Mission
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4. Problem Areas inadequate convergence and coordination
incomplete coverage for targeted population
lack of reliable and authentic database
Shortage of trained manpower
Lack of uniformity in approach of various NGOs
Issues of monitoring and evaluation

5. Suggested Action Plan
Principle of Child Budgeting should enable formulation of a permanent institutional mechanism for convergence and coordination
Mapping of target population in order to measure the extent of coverage required
Proper documentation and authentication of birth and related statistical parameters
planning at decentralised level for close coordination between government and NGOs

6. Universal Elementary Education (UEE) [Goal 2]
Universal access to school education
Universal enrolment of school children
Universal retention of school children
Bridging gender and social gaps
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7. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Flagship programme of the Government to achieve the goal of UEE - Launched in 2001
Addressees the needs of 192 million children in 1.1 million habitations
Funding partners - DFID, EC, WB
Dedicated Education Cess
Institutional set up for monitoring and evaluation
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8. SSA – Main components
Provision of basic minimum conditions – access, physical infrastructure and teachers
Training of teachers and strengthening of academic support institutions
Defining learning outcomes and assessment/monitoring of students’ achievement levels
Capacity building for planning, management, monitoring and research/evaluation
Education of disadvantaged groups
Social mobilisation and community involvement
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9. Realization of UEE goal
Universal coverage to primary schooling facility within one km of habitation
Out of school children reduced from 32 million (2001) to 4.5 million (2007)
Coverage of habitations
Primary school : 98%
Upper Primary schools : 86%
Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) – (class I-VIII)
- Boys : 98; Girls : 91; no social category gaps
Reduction in dropout rate up from 2.3 pp ( ) to 14 pp ( )
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10. Challenges in UEE
Enrolment and retention of the disadvantaged
Arresting the trend of dropout
Enrolment of out-of-school children
Legal right for free and compulsory education
Increasing the percentage of women teachers
Bridging gender divide
Special infrastructure for girl child

11. Action Plan for UEE
Special enrolment drive, especially for the girl child and disadvantaged groups, including children with disabilities
Remediation strategy to arrest dropouts
Providing adequate number of upper primary schools with adequate infrastructure in remote areas
Provision of trained teachers, especially at upper primary level
Early enactment of RTE Bill
Planning of infrastructure and teacher requirement over a long-term period
Convergence of various schemes for primary education
Monitoring by community groups at local level

12. Policies for Adolescent Education [Goal 3]
National Policy on Education (1986/1992)
- specific reference to NFE, population education and women’s equality
National Sports Policy (2003)
– specific reference to gender justice and empowerment of youth through education
National Population Policy (2000)
– special learning needs of adolescents and population education
1 adolescents comprise one-fifth of total population
2 90 of urban adolescents are literate
3 75% of rural population rae literate
4 policy intervention to educate and train adolescents
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13. Programmes for adolescents
Nehru Yuvak Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)
- largest grass root level organization in the Asia-Pacific Region
- caters to development needs of 8 million rural youth
Adolescent Education Programme, including life skills education for in-school children
National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
Provides opportunities for continuing education
NYKS
1 enrolment through 2,53,000 village based youth clubs across 500 districts
2 programmes in the field of education, training, employment promotion, income-generation, enterprise creation, etc.
4 undertakes various projects
NIOS
1 1.4 million learners enrolled to around 3000 accredited academic and vocational institutions
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14. Challenges in Adolescent Education
To make secondary education of good quality available, accessible and affordable
To improve transition rate from upper primary to secondary level
To increase completion rate at secondary level
To provide adequate infrastructure
Closing on regional and social disparities

15. Action Plan for Adolescents
Universal access to secondary education
Opening of quality schools at secondary level
Upgradation of existing upper primary schools
Expand capacity of existing secondary schools
Increased financial allocation for secondary schools
Expand facilities for open and distance learning
Encourage PPP
Improve quality/ICT

16. Adult Literacy and Lifelong Learning [Goals 3 & 4]
National Literacy Mission
Total Literacy campaign (TLC) – 597 districts
Post Literacy programmes (PLP) – 485 districts
Accelerated Female Literacy Programme – 35 districts
Special literacy drive in 150 districts
Continuing Education Programme – 328 districts
State Resource Centres - 26
Association of NGOs
Jan Shikshan Sansthan - 221
TLC : 1 decentralised programme based on twin principle of participation and correction; 2 functional literacy; also basket of socially relevant messages such as enrolment,immunization, propagation of small family norms, women’s equality, etc.
PLP : consolidation, remediation and skill upgradation of TLC
AFLM : in districts with high female illiteracy (below 30%)
Special Drive : districts with high illiteracy; covering 36 million illiterates
CEP : continuum to TLC/PLC; further learning opportunities to neo-literates by setting up Continuing Education Centres(CEC)
NGOs – provide academic and resource support through experimental and innovative programmes, impact studies, etc.
State Resource centres : development of TLM; production and disemination of literature; training reource persons; motivational and environmental building facilities
JSS
1 Institutes of People’s Education focusing on poor, illiterates, neo-literates
2 provide skill development, link literacy with vocational skills; Life Enrichment Education (LEE)
3 offer vocational and technical knowledge at low cost
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17. Achievements of Literacy Campaigns (1991-2001)
Highest decadal growth ever (12.63%)
Addition of million literates
Number of literates increased to million
Male literacy increased by 11.13%
Female literacy increased by 14.38%
Literacy of SC increased by 17.28%
Literacy of ST increased by 17.5%
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18. Challenges in Adult Education
Decrease fuzziness in literacy programmes
Addressing literacy problem of disabled persons and marginalised groups
Improved monitoring of programmes

19. Action Plan for Adult Literacy
Convergence of existing schemes
Setting up of institutional mechanism for monitoring and evaluation
Development of innovative, local need based skill development programmes
Advocay programmes for protection of gender rights

20. Education for Girls and Gender Equality [Goal 5]
NPE (1986) : special emphasis on removal of disparities and equalize educational opportunity by attending to those hitherto denied
Since mid-eighties, all education programmes designed to incorporate the principle of gender equality
Intrinsic component of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
National Programme for Education of Girls in Elementary Level (NPEGEL)
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)
NPEGL
1 Model school for girls
2 ECCE facilities
3 gender sensitization of girls
4 achievements – 40,000 clusters covered; 39,000 model schools; remedial teaching to 1.3 million girls; uniforms to 14.9 million girls
KGBV
1 partcipation of girls in upper primary level
residential girls schools/hostels
2 enrolment of 183,000 girls
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21. Quality in Education [Goal 6]
Extensive programme of pre-service Teacher training
Wide-networked programme for in-service teacher training
National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005
Pre-service
1 around 700 TTIs supported by the Centre
2 several others supported by state govt.
3 9,500 recognized teacher training courses with annual intake of 7.3 million students
In-service training
1 continuous training and retraining of teachers
2 emphasis on capacity building and, professional development of teachers and development of resource persons
3 quality controls with benchmarking
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22. Challenges in Teacher Education
Adequate availability of trained teachers
To improve infrastructure of teacher training institutions
Motivation level of teachers and teacher educators
Closing the vacancy gap of faculty in teacher training institutions
Improving curriculum of teacher training

23. Action Plan for Quality in Education
Evolving a new Scheme of Teacher Education, with focus on infrastructure, in-service training and faculty development of teacher educators
Development of new curriculum for teacher education, along with TLM
Strategy for incentivising and motivating school teachers
Preparing a long-term database of requirement of teachers and teacher educators at national and decentralised level

24. Macro Level Action Plans
Development of MIS for real time monitoring of schemes/programmes
Strategies for financial delegation and electronic flow of funds
Single point institution at national level for monitoring, coordinating and reviewing progress of EFA goals
Setting up of a concerted strategy for role of UN and other multilateral agencies
Enrichment of educational database

25. THANK YOU