2. LAW Rule of the game Elusive term, which defy comprehensive definition
  Ranges from scientific laws to religious laws, civil law to criminal law, national law to international law

3. In its broader sense it means rule of all kinds of actions whether animate or inanimate,
rational or irrational and in its narrower sense it confines only to human actions

4. DEFINATION
Personal rule of conduct enforced through authority, society or custom (based on reason)
Law is reason and what is not reason is not law

5. Source / Origin Precedent Customs / Conventions Travel / Invasion
(decision / action taken whether right or wrong)
Customs / Conventions
(accepted practice / way of doing things)
Travel / Invasion

6. Basis Presumptions in “Romanian Law”
1.   Every person is innocent
unless proved guilty
2.  Every person is sane and
responsible for his actions
“EXCEPTIONS” age, disease, drug
3.   Benefit of doubt to
accused

7. Shariat--Martial--Necessity Personal rule of conduct
Facets / Types of Law
Shariat--Martial--Necessity
Statue
Common
Personal rule of conduct
Civil
Criminal

8. Common Law Found in books & journals Universal applicability
unwritten law, enforced through customs which prevail in society.
Found in books & journals
Universal applicability

9. Statute Law
written law, enforced through authority (state).
It is defined and codified in sections and than made law by ascent of the parliament or decreed by a ruler
Act/ordinance

10. Criminal Law
Deals with community as a whole and is mandatory to be observed by all
There is total prohibition of certain acts i.e. murders, violence, RTAs.
It is enforced through punishments (fine, imprisonment, death)
It is for better government / law & order situation

11. Civil Law
Deals with private / civil rights of individuals or group of individuals (companies) in a particular state or nation.
Provide remedies for personal sufferings i.e. husband and wife dispute (divorce), landlord and tenant dispute, doctor and patient dispute (medical negligence), industrial disease / injury, poisoning

12. Shariat Ordinance 1988
Declare Shariat as the supreme source of law in the country and the grand norms of guidance for policy and law making by the state
1- Islamic ideology council
2- Federal judicial academy
3- Commissions to organize the economic and education systems on Islamic lines

13. TYPES OF LAW COURTS Shariat Court is a place where
People bring their grievances
(Against others )to seek
remedies
Criminal
Civil
In special circumstances there are Martial Law Courts, Speedy Trial Courts and Anti -Terrorist Courts etc.etc

14. Jurisdiction of criminal / civil courts
Three levels

15. (Area / illaqa) original
Court of first instance
(Area / illaqa) original
Criminal cases magisterial courts magistrate
Civil cases civil judge courts civil judge

16. Court of second instance (District) original + appeal
Criminal cases District and session judge
Civil cases District and session judge
Appeals District and session judge

17. Court of third instance (Province) original +appeal
Criminal cases Judge of the High Court
Civil cases Judge of the High Court
Appeals Judge of the High Court

18. Jurisdiction of shariat Court (Area / illaqa) (District) (Province)
(Qazi Court) (Shariat Court) (Shariat Bench)

19. Powers of the court
Enormous as they can call any witness including medical practitioner to come and give evidence as their evidence is important for the decision of the case through SUMMON, WARRANT, WRITTEN PROCLAMATION

20. Types of trials Legal Procedure
Trial with jury
Trial without jury
Legal Procedure
Record keeper
Judge
Typist / Clerk
Reader
Law officers
Prosecution /
Complainant
Defense /
Accused
Waiting Advocates
Public Seats

21. Principles guiding the courts to
arrive at a decision
Proceedings in court in the light of civil / criminal procedure code and evidence act
(Allegation -- Evidence to support or rebut the allegation --Onus of proof -- Judgment / Implementation of law --Conclusion)