1. Emergence of Russia
Chapter 20 Section 2

2. Russia Under the Czar’s
After the Mongol influnece was dealt with, Russia grew powerful and large.
No sizable or powerful groups stood against them. There were few natural barriers limited the expansion.
Monarchs, CZARS made the expansion possible

3. Russia Expands Peter The Great Catherine The Great
Ruled in the late 1600’s and early 1700’s
Expanded to Russia to the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Baltic Sea in the west.
Built a new capitol: St. Petersburg
Extended Russia further
Controlled Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine.

4. Challenges in 1812
French Emperor, Napoleon, invades Russia with ~ 60,000 soldiers.
Captures Moscow
As the Russian fled the city to the Northeast, they set fire to the city and the path they took.
“Scortched Earth Policy”- depriving the French of much needed food and supplies.
Russia’s geography becomes their best defender- bitter cold
100,000 left Moscow in retreat of the Russian Army and fewer than 30,000 returned to France.

5. Russian Social Structure: Russia Continues to Prosper:
Russia remains backwards.
More peasants were forced to work on land of wealthy property owners through the system of serfdom.
Controlled virtually as slaves.
In the follow centuries, Russia combines its powers to nearly control all parts of Northern Eurasia.

6. The Rise of Communism: 1.
As the dissatisfaction with the czarist government continued through World War I, the Russian people became more hostile in their opinions and ideas.
Watch this video! (start with 1 and watch then click on 2 and so on…You will be held responsible for information for the test.)
This video starts in the middle of WWI, when Czar Nicholas is gone to war to rally the troops and the Czarina Alexandra is at home ruling. 2.

7. 5. 3. 4. 6.

8. SOVIET LEADERS LENIN (1918 - 1927) INTRODUCED MARXIST PHILOSOPHY
REPLACED PRIVATE WITH PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
DEVELOPED NATIONAL ECONOMIC PLANS
ESTABLISHED SOVIET POLITICAL STRUCTURE BASED ON ETHNIC IDENTITIES

9. SOVIET LEADERS STALIN (1927 - 1953) ALL ASSETS NATIONALIZED
CREATION OF HUGE CENTRALIZED STATE MACHINE OVER ALL ASPECTS OF SOVIET LIFE
PURGES OF DISSIDENTS (30-60 MILLION)
COLLECTIVIZED FARMING (SOVKHOZ)
CONCENTRATION ON HEAVY INDUSTRY AT EXPENSE OF AGRICULTURE

10. INITIATED ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM PERESTROIKA
SOVIET LEADERS
GORBACHEV ( )
INITIATED ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM
PERESTROIKA
RESTRUCTURING
ECONOMIC AIM: TO CATCH UP WITH WESTERN ECONOMIES
POLITICAL AIM: REFORM OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

11. COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION (CONDITIONS IN 1990 & 1991)
A SHARP DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
ECONOMIC OUTPUT DOWN BY 4% IN 1990 & 10-15% IN FIRST HALF OF 1991
INTENSIFICATION OF NATIONALISM & SEPARATISM

12. Post-Soviet Era Westernization of Russia
Introduction of Capitalism and Market Economy
Introduction of outside cultural influences (fast food restaurants)
Ongoing issues with Chechnya