1. Events and Ideas #5 Progressive Movement
U.S. History Unit 2

2. Contains: Crash Course Video #27 - w/worksheet
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle - w/questions
Monopolies and Antitrust - w/questions
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire - w/reflection
Crash Course Video #31 - w/worksheet

3. Directions:
Fill out the graphic organizer in your packet while viewing this PowerPoint
DO NOT TAKE CORNELL NOTES
You may include information you hear in the videos on the graphic organizer
No EQ except on Crash Course Video worksheets

4. The Progressive Movement

5. Crash Course Video Episode #27
15:00

6. Read….
The next three slides contain background information that you will need to know for the test, but you do not need to take notes on these.

7. Who were the Progressives?
Progressivism was not a unified movement.
Progressives came from both political parties.
Urban, educated, and middle-class.
Progressives included:
journalists, social workers, educators, politicians, and clergy.
It was not a unified movement.
i. It was a collection of different ideas and activities.
Progressives came from both political parties.
i. There were urban (lived in the cities).
ii. There were educated.
iii. They were middle-class.
Progressives included journalists, social workers, educators, politicians, and clergy.
i. Progressives generally believed that industrialization and urbanization created many social problems.
ii. Progressives wanted government to take a more active roll in the social problems of society.

8. Colleges like Vassar and Smith allowed women to excel
Women Lead Reform
Many reformers were women.
Women reformers strove to improve conditions at work and home.
Many upper and middle class women went to colleges
Colleges like Vassar and Smith allowed women to excel

9. Origins of Progressivism
Middle class reformers addressed the problems of society:
Economic inequities
Environmental issues
Social welfare
Working conditions
Rights for women and children

10. Protect Social Welfare
Problem:
Industrialization in the late 19th century was largely unregulated.
Employers felt little responsibility toward their workers.
Progressive Solution:
Settlement houses and churches
Organizations like the YMCA and the Salvation Army
Salvation Army Shelter

11. Promote Moral Development
Problem:
Some reformers felt that the answer to society’s problems was personal behavior.
Progressive Ideas:
Prohibition of alcohol included the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Solution:
Prohibition of alcohol passed in 1920

12. Journalists Criticize Big Business
Problem:
Corruption in business.
Progressive Ideas:
Investigative reporters exposed problems:
Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating competition
Upton Sinclair exposed inhumane and unsanitary issues with the meat packing industry
Solution: …

13. Pure Food and Drug Act
In response to Upton Sinclair’s claims of unwholesome products:
Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.
The Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling.

14. Upton Sinclair The Jungle
Answer these questions
Why did factory life not live up to its promise? (4 things)
What things did Upton Sinclair see in the meat packing plant?
How were the workers treated?
What good things came from Sinclair's book?
5:54

15. Clayton Anti-Trust Act
1914: Congress enacted the Clayton Anti-Trust Act
An anti-trust provision prevented companies from acquiring stock from another company
Supported workers’ unions.

16. Monopolies and Antitrust
Only watch to 4:12 on the counter!!! And answer these questions
Who were the robber barons?
What are some of the barriers to get in a market?
What does the Sherman Act do?
4:12

17. Clean Up Local Government
William “Boss” Tweed
Problem:
Government at local and other levels were inefficient and unresponsive to citizens.
Progressive Solution:
Managing a modern city required experts NOT politicians.
Cities should be run by a city manager or commissioners
Commissioners or council-manager system.

18. Workplace and Labor Reforms
Problems:
Long hours
Unregulated pay
Unsafe conditions
Progressive Ideas:
Eight-hour work day
Minimum wage laws
Unionization
Improved safety & health conditions in factories
Solution:
Legislation for safety standards
Adamson Act in 1916 established an eight-hour day
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Manhattan, New York City on March 25, 1911 was one of the deadliest industrial disasters in the history of the city, and resulted in the fourth highest loss of life from an industrial accident in U.S. history.
The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers – 123 women and 23 men – who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths.
Most of the victims were recent Jewish and Italian immigrant women aged sixteen to twenty-three; oldest victim was 43, and the youngest was 14.
Because the owners had locked the doors to the stairwells and exits – a common practice at the time to prevent pilferage and unauthorized breaks – many of the workers who could not escape the burning building jumped from the eighth, ninth, and tenth floors to the streets below.
The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers.

19. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire 1913
Write a short reflection on this tragedy after watching the video
6:40

20. Protecting Working Children
Problem:
Child labor extensive in the United States
Children were more prone to accidents
Progressive Ideas:
End child labor
Solution:
Nearly every state limited or banned child labor by 1918

21. Efforts To Protect Workers
Problem:
Workers injured while working did not have an benefits to cover the loss of income
Progressive solution:
Worker’s given compensation to aid families of injured workers.
Accomplished:
By 1917 most states had workman compensation laws

22. Direct Election Of Senators
Problem:
State legislatures chose U.S. Senators from each state
U.S. Senators were less responsible to the public
Progressive Ideas:
Require U.S. Senators to be elected by popular vote
Solution:
Congress passed 17th Amendment in 1913
Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen U.S. senators. To force senators to be more responsive to the public, Progressives pushed for the popular election of senators.
As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment in 1913.

23. Women's Suffrage Problem: Women could not vote Progressive Ideas:
Convince state legislatures to pass women suffrage laws
Pursue court cases to test 14th Amendment.
Pushed for national Constitutional Amendment.
Solution:
Women got the right to vote in 1920
Progressives helped women get the right to vote.
i. Progressives joined the suffrage movement in large numbers.
Suffrage movement had been around since 1840.
i. Prior to the Civil War, suffrage groups have been trying to get women the right to vote.
Suffrage groups were split, limiting effectiveness.
i. Upset over the passing of the 14th and 15th Amendments, the suffrage movement fractures.
ii. National Woman Suffrage Association headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.
iii. NWSA wanted to focus on passing an amendment through Congress.
iv. American Woman Suffrage Association led by Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe.
vi. AWSA wanted to focus efforts on getting them passed on the state level.
19th Amendment granting women the right to vote is ratified on August 26th, 1920.
i. The split between the two groups limited their effectiveness.
ii. By 1900, only four states had granted women the right to vote.
iii. Both groups merged in 1890 to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
iv. Middle-class women wanted the right to vote so they could be active in social reform.
v. Lower-class women wanted the right to vote so they pass

24. Crash Course Video Women's Suffrage
Episode #31
Complete worksheet
13:30

25. Limits of Progressivism
The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s
While the Progressive era was responsible for many important reforms, it failed to make gains for African Americans.