1. Chapter 4: Overview

2. Energy and Mineral Resources
Nonrenewable Resources
Replenished over millions of years
Coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper
uranium, gold
Renewable Resources
Replenished over short time span
Plants, animals, natural fibers, trees, water, wind, sun

3. Nonrenewable Resource
Fossil fuels
Tar sands
Oil shale
Mineral deposits

4. Fossil Fuels Carbon containing fuel that formed over millions of years
Coal
Petroleum (oil)
Natural gas

5. Tar Sands and Oil Shale
Tar Sands: clay and sand combined with water and bitumen
Oil in deposits is similar to crude oil
Oil Shale: rock that contains kerogen
Refined to form substance similar to crude oil

6. Mineral Deposits Mineral resources can be extracted from the ground
Ore: metallic mineral mined for profit
Gold, copper, nickel, silver, lead
Nonmetallic minerals are also mined for profit
Clay, diamond, limestone

7. Alternative Energy Sources
Solar Energy
Nuclear Energy
Wind Energy
Hydroelectric Power
Geothermal Energy
Tidal Power

8. Solar Energy use suns’ rays to supply heat or electricity
Sunlight passes through the glass, objects in room absorb sun’s energy and radiate heat to warm air
South facing windows

9. Nuclear Energy nuclear reactions release energy to generate heat
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fission: atoms bombarded with neutrons and the atoms split, emitting neutrons and heat
Accident in PA 3 mile island damage (Japan earthquake caused trouble with power plant way worse)

10. Wind Energy uses air flow to generate power
Sail boats, windmill, bird,

11. Hydroelectric Power
falling water drives turbines to produce electricity
Store energy in dam water

12. Geothermal Energy
trapping natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water used for heating and electric power

13. Tidal Power
generating electrical energy from the ocean

14. Water Resources Less than 1% of Earth’s water is usable freshwater
People use water to
Drink
Cook
Bath
Grow food

15. Water Resources People affect water because of
Point source pollution: from a specific location
Nonpoint source pollution: no specific point of origin
Runoff: water flows over land carrying nonpoint source pollution
Causes health issues

16. Air Resources Atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor
People use air to
Shield from radiation
Carbon cycle: make nutrients to live available
Greenhouse gases:
warm place to live

17. Air Resources People affect air resources because Air pollution: smog
Global climate change
Use Chlorofluorocarbons that destroy the Ozone
Causes health issues

18. Land Resources
People use land for
Soil
Forests
Minerals
Energy

19. Land Resources People affect land resources because
Mining destroys land
Deplete groundwater
Deforestation
Soil erosion

20. Protecting Resources Conservation: careful use of resources
Reduce, reuse, recycle

21. Natural Resources
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