1. Chapter 21—America and the Great War

2. Roosevelt Corollary
U.S. would intervene in Latin-American affairs to maintain economic and political stability
Applied to:
Dominican Republic:
Fallen behind in debt
payments
Nicaragua: Civil unrest

3. Dollar Diplomacy
Political influence would follow increased U.S. trade and economic investment
Central America (railroads, mines, plantations)
Haiti (keep out foreign funds)
Contrasts with militaristic big
stick policy

4. American Presence in the Caribbean
Panama
The U.S. helps Panama revolt against Colombia
Panama declares independence; U.S. recognizes
Construction of Panama Canal
Over 5,000 laborers
perished
Greatly reduced time
required to travel by
ship

5. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy
Condemned Imperialism
Latin American countries
Only trade with countries that had American ideals
Mexican Revolution
Moral diplomacy fails
U.S. invades Mexico but falls
short of war

6. World War I Begins Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated
Wilson pushes for American neutrality
German/Irish-Americans side with Central Powers
Other Americans identify with Great Britain & France
Economic interest with Triple Entente

7. The U.S. Prepares for War
Germany declares waters around the British Isles to be a war zone
German U-boats sink Lusitania & Sussex
Wilson threatens break in diplomatic relations with Germany
National Defense Act
doubles size of U.S. army
Not all Americans
support preparations

8. The U.S. Prepares for War Zimmermann Note intercepted
German-Mexican alliance against U.S.
Propaganda tool for U.S. entry into the war
The Germans resume unrestricted submarine warfare
Heavy American death toll
Wilson signs declaration of
war on 4/6/17

9. Selling the War in the U.S.
Committee of Public Information
Created to organize public opinion
Posters, films, books, promote the war
Themes
America as a unified moral community
Crusade for peace and freedom
Negative campaign against Germans
Selective Service Act introduced

10. The War Itself More Americans died due to disease than to combat
Trench warfare slows pace of war
Most Americans fight
in France

11. An Uneasy Peace The Fourteen Points Treaty of Versailles
Set new national
boundaries in Europe
Principles of
international conduct
League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
Harsh against Germany
Not ratified by the U.S.
U.S. did not join the League of Nations

12. Results of the War Economic AFL labor union increases in power
American businesses expand and gain profits
Taxes on income/profits become major source of revenue
AFL labor union increases in power
Demand for workers increase
Better wages and working conditions
National War Labor Board
Red Scare
Radical IWW weakens
Socialists
Sacco and Vanzetti

13. Women’s Rights Lose jobs to returning servicemen
Most retain white collared jobs
Fewer work in manufacturing/domestic service
Nineteenth Amendment ratified
Women allowed to vote nationwide
Alice Paul uses radical tactics
Eighteenth Amendment ratified
National ban on alcoholic drinks
Stimulus for organized crime

14. Repression and Reaction
Espionage Act
Gov’t tool for suppression of antiwar sentiment
FBI organized to enforce act
Supreme Court endorses restrictions on speech
Great Migration
Movement of millions of African Americans to North during & after World War I.
Fueled by racism in South & job openings in North

15. The Election of 1920 Republican Warren Harding wins by a landslide
Platform extremely ambiguous
Called for a “return to normalcy”
Repudiation of Wilson &
progressivism