1. Charles Peirce Decision or beliefs are based on Method of tenacity
Method of authority
A priori method
Method of science

2. Scientific research
“Systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomenon guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.” Kerlinger

3. Scientific thinking History: Need to explain, predict, and control
Terms: Science, Variable, Theory, Hypothesis
Cause-effect relationships

4. Scientific attitudes Determinism Parsimony Skepticism Precision
Respect for theoretical structure
Willingness to change opinion
Aversion to superstition
Suspended judgment
Probability and statistics

5. Theory and Hypothesis Theory Hypothesis
A systematic structure of thought for guiding scientific inquiry and organizing new facts.
A proposed description, explanation, or model of the manner of interaction of a set of natural phenomena, capable of predicting future occurrences or observations of the same kind, and capable of being tested through experiment or otherwise falsified through empirical observation.
Hypothesis
Prior statement about the relation between two or more variables.

6. Differences between scientific and non-scientific thought
Based on temporary hypotheses of cause and effect relations
Inherent error in predictions
Probability
Objective and subjective language