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The Tudors and Religious Upheaval during the English

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1 The Tudors and Religious Upheaval during the English

2 Catholicism For 12 centuries, England was a Catholic state (catholic = universal) Protestant Reformation Began in Europe Associated most with Martin Luther 1517—Nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of a church in Wittenburg, Germany Protested the many abuses of the church clerics, including the selling of indulgences Called out the church on other issues that had no foundation in the Bible: Pope’s power over purgatory Merits of the saints, etc.

3 Other Important Figures in the Protestant Reformation
John Calvin French Protestant Presbyterian church Desiderius Erasmus Catholic priest Noted Humanist scholar and teacher William Tyndale Johannes Gutenberg

4 Henry VIII Pope named Henry “Defender of the Faith”
Wrote Defense of the Seven Sacraments, defending the church practices Railed against Luther and his movement; Called them heretics BUT when he wanted a divorce, and the Pope balked at granting it . . . He passed the Act of Supremacy

5 Act of Supremacy Henry VIII declared himself Head of Church as well as State. Created the Anglican Church Church of England (in America, the Episcopalian Church) Broke all ties with the Catholic Church and the Pope, including financial ties Confiscated monasteries Gave properties as gifts to his supporters

6 Oath of Supremacy H. VIII required his nobles to sign
Denounce faith in and allegiance to Catholic Church and Pope Acknowledge Henry as Head of Anglican Church Legitimizing divorce from Catherine and marriage to Anne Affirming that Lady Mary no longer legitimate heir to throne and any children by Anne would have no legal challenges to their succession

7 Edward VI Henry VIII died in 1547
Edward ascended the throne at 9 years old Uncle Edward Seymour named “Lord Protector” Other advisors jockeyed for control Staunch Protestant like his father

8 Edward VI: Protestant King
Passed the Act of Uniformity in 1549 Established the Book of Common Prayer as only legal form of worship Contained the liturgy, all the parts of the structured worship services Prayers and scriptural readings for each service throughout the year Full orders for baptism, marriage, funeral, etc. services

9 Edward VI: Protestant King
Sickly boy Died at 15 years old in 1553 Mary I next in line to succeed, according to H8’s will Edward and Privy Council desperate to maintain Protestant control Some backed Elizabeth; others backed Mary Tudor’s (H8’s sister) oldest grandchild, Lady Jane Grey

10 Lady Jane Grey: The Nine Days’ Queen
Committed Protestant and Humanist Backed by Privy Council “Reigned” from July 10 - July 19, 1553 (15-16 years old) Mary I and her troops marched in to London Privy Council changed mind and proclaimed Mary as Queen on July 19 Convicted of high treason Executed February 1554

11 Mary I: The Catholic Queen
Daughter of Catherine of Aragon Ascended the throne in 1553 Devout Catholic 1st act: to proclaim Catherine’s marriage to Henry valid and legal 2nd act: to undo all the Protestant legislation that Edward had enacted Married Philip of Spain Philip was son of Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V

12 Mary I (aka Bloody Mary)
Desired to return England to the “one true church” and salvation Forced conversions Burned over 300 Protestants at the stake who refused to renounce their faith Reign fraught with conspiracies to overthrow her and place Elizabeth on the throne Imprisoned Elizabeth but released her Died childless; in her will named Elizabeth as her successor

13 Elizabeth I Ascended the throne in 1558 (25 years old)
Protestant (like her mother Anne Boleyn and father Henry VIII) Reinstated the Act of Uniformity and the Book of Common Prayer Unified religious worship and rituals throughout Anglican church Unified England under one church and one monarch

14 Elizabeth: True Renaissance Woman
Poet/writer Dancer Musician Multilingual (could translate both Greek and Latin) at a young age! Great political leader

15 Elizabeth I Constant threats on her life, monarchy, and country
Many conspiracies and assassination attempts Catholic church (throughout Europe) and Pope Catholic nobles (political power) Mary, Queen of Scots (cousin) Spain—issues with England: Catherine of Aragon being kicked to curb and humiliated Elizabeth refusing to embrace the Catholic Church and maintain Catholic state of England after Mary I Elizabeth stringing Philip along as suitor, only to reject him in the end

16 Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen “Better beggar woman and single than Queen and married.”
Remained unmarried, but Received royal suitors from all over Europe Played them against each other While stalling for time, she built England into an independent power.

17 The Golden Age Ruled England for 45 years (1558 – 1603)
Unified people; established peace and prosperity throughout Established England as a major ruling power 1588: The Defeat of the Spanish Armada England established as greatest naval power in the world

18 The Monarch & the Woman “I may not be a lion, but I am a lion’s cub and I have a lion’s heart.”
Elizabeth to her council on passing the Act of Uniformity Elizabeth’s speech to her troops at Tilbury Text Film clip (entire speech) Film clip (Elizabeth: The Golden Age) Influence on Shakespeare? Henry V before Battle of Agincourt: St. Crispin’s Day Speech Ist clip (Act of Uniformity): Elizabeth, 52:39 (and not one second earlier!) 2nd clip (Tilbury): Elizabeth: The Golden Age, 1:31

19 Elizabeth the Warrior

20 Elizabeth I: End of the Tudor Dynasty
Died in 1603 at 69 ½ years old Childless (implications for England?) Arranged for James VI of Scotland (Mary’s, Queen of Scots, son) to succeed her Became James I of England, Scotland, and Ireland Began the Stuart dynasty

21 Elizabeth and the Arts Created a stable environment for the arts to flourish Supported them legally 1572—legalized acting Supported them financially was a patron commissioned works had acting companies perform for the court

22 Elizabeth and the Arts

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