1. Voice Over IP
By: Jon Peterson

2. Introduction
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) communications systems are a rapidly growing technology.
Currently VOIP systems make up 1% of telephone communications in the US.
VOIP systems allow communications companies to merge their voice and data networks for greater efficiency.

3. Hardware Design Goals
Capture and replicate voice signals with quality equivalent or better to that of the Plain Old Telephone System (POTS).
Make the VOIP system easy to use – a non-technical user should be able to sit down and use it (Grandma design principle).
Must be able to store the user information in non-volatile memory.
Must be able to transfer packets over the internet…

4. Hardware Solution – User Interface
The VOIP System must look and feel like a typical telephone.

5. User Interface - continued
Custom Keypad
Sample LCD Displays 1 ) E D I T N A M / L O C 2 W R K F G 1 ) E D I T U S R N A M 2 L O C 1 ) S T A I C / D Y N M 2 O F G

6. Hardware Solution – µController
To accomplish communications over the internet, I needed to pick a suitable network interface chip.
The Motorola HC9S12NE64 has integrated EMAC and EPHY network layers, so no external chip & bus designs were required.
The downside to picking the NE64 is that it does not include the integrated EEPROM necessary for saving the user’s settings, and it has a very limited amount of RAM.

7. µController - continued
The RJ-45 connector includes integrated transformers to protect the microcontroller from network power surges. The connector also includes integrated LEDs to indicate network status.

8. Hardware Solution – Audio Quality
The audio samples must have a resolution of at least 8 bits.
The audio sample rate must be at least 8kHz.
The bandwidth of the reproduced audio must be 3kHz or greater (between 300Hz and 3300Hz).

9. Audio Hardware
For the input circuit, I chose a Motorola MC33202P dual, low-voltage op-amp.
For the output circuit, I chose two IC’s:
The Maxim MAX548A 8-bit, low-voltage, SPI Digital to Analog converter.
The Motorola MC34119, low-voltage, audio amplifier.

10. Input Circuit - MC33202P
What the ATD Module sees:

11. Output Circuit - Maxim MAX548A
Digital to Analog conversion stage

12. Output Circuit - Motorola MC34119
Amplifier and a low-pass filter at 3400Hz.

13. Hardware Solution – Data Storage
Since the Motorola HC9S12NE64 does not include the on-chip EEPROM necessary for saving the user’s settings, I had to pick an external device.
SPI memory devices are relatively fast (for external memory devices), and easy to implement (Easy = minimal wiring + circuitry)
I chose the Atmel AT25040A – 512 byte Serial EEPROM

14. Data Storage - Atmel AT25040A

15. Hardware Solution - Power
I needed to pick a voltage regulator which would supply 3.3VDC and a peak current of over 1.035A. The reason for such a large current capacity is due to the requirements of the NE64 when the network interface is active. The National Semiconductor LM was chosen to meet these requirements.

16. Thank-You!
Now I will show you the full schematic, so that you may visualize my design as a whole.