1. U.S. History Reasons that Europeans began exploring and colonizing in the New World

2. European Nations begin exploring and colonizing in the “New World”
Unit Launch … Exploration is about … Understanding the factors that motivated European explorers to come to America. We will …
Compare the religious reasons of major exploring nations
Explain the primary economic reasons that people and nations explored
Identify the reasons of personal and national pride that motivated people to explore
Locate the Important places and people involved in exploration
This will help you answer the questions at the bottom of your Unit Organizer

3. Reasons for European exploration are: Religious Economic National & Personal Pride Identification of the key nations in the exploration of the Americas

4. NEW WORLD
OLD WORLD

6. European Colonization
European Exploration
When the New World is discovered, the Big 5 five European countries start to compete for control of North America and the world:
Spain
Portugal
Dutch (Netherlands)
France
Britain (United Kingdom, England)

7. Motives for European Exploration
Crusades and trade with Asia and India = by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia, to gain access to the spice trade in Asia, and to find new sources of gold and silver.
Renaissance = curiosity about other lands and peoples and make new discoveries.
Reformation = refugees & missionaries have a desire to convert new people to Christianity
Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue and having strong centralized powers at home allowed for the outward push to acquire new lands and their wealth.
Technological advances. Improvements in maps and charts, new weapons such as improved gunpowder and cannons, improved ship designs, and navigational tools.
Fame and fortune.
Crusades: Nations competed for Asian trade (spices, silks)
Renaissance: Ancient Greek, Roman,and Muslim art and learning were rediscovered; Philosophy of humanism: use of reason and experimentation in learning
Reformation: Revolt against the Roman Catholic Church
Monarchs: Spain & Portugal competed to explore trade routes.
Technological Advances: Improved sea-faring technology aided exploration and trade.
Fame & Fortune

9. The 3 motives reinforce each other
Direct Causes = 3 G’s
Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)
Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)
Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)
The 3 motives reinforce each other

10. New Technologies
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

11. The Spanish They explored and eventually settled
The Spanish explored the North American continent for main reasons that are categorized as:
To find riches (Goods)
To spread religion, or Christianity (God)
To expand their empire (Glory)
The Spanish
They explored and eventually settled
Land in present-day Florida, Southwest United States, Mexico, and the islands in the Caribbean.
Columbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies”
Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world

12. Other Spanish Explorers
Ponce De Leon - Established colony at Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida
Vasco de Balboa - Established settlement in Panama - 1st European to see Pacific Ocean

13. Other Spanish Explorers continued
Francisco de Coronado - Explored north from Mexico; up Colorado
River; discovered the Grand Canyon -1540
Hernando de Soto Explored Florida into Carolina’s and west to
the Mississippi River

14. Explorers Sailing For Spain & Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci - Italian sailing for both Spain and Portugal - Sailed to the America’s - Amerigo is his first name (where we get “America”)

15. The Portuguese
The Portuguese were the first to begin searching for an all water route to Asia…..
Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal Funded Exploration down coast of Africa Vasco da Gama - Opened trade with India Placed Portugal in position to dominate trade with India – 1498
Pedro Cabral - Portugal - Claimed present day Brazil for Portugal – 1500

16. The French The French explored North America for these reasons:
In search of a water route through the New World known as the Northwest Passage (all three European countries were in search of a faster, cheaper trade route to Asia)
A source of wealth through fur trade with the Native Americans
To convert Native Americans to Christianity
They explored Canada, the Louisiana Territory, and islands within the Caribbean; they eventually set up trading settlements and forts for protection of those settlements.

17. The French
French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada
Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America
Develop a fur trade

18. Explorers Sailing For France
Jacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535
Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia

19. The Dutch Like the French, the Dutch focused on the fur trade
Sent only a few men to settlements
Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River
New Amsterdam (becomes New York) is an extension of the Dutch global trade system
Dutch & French form alliances with Native Americans—increase warfare & Iroquois (Dutch ally) defeat Hurons

20. Explorers Sailing For The Netherlands
Henry Hudson - English sailing for the Dutch –
Searching for Northwest Passage
Claimed Hudson River
Established New Amsterdam (New York)

21. The English- The most European Nation influential on American history
The English explored North America for these reasons:
In search of sources of wealth (gold)
Convert Native Americans to Christianity
Claim land for England
Search for trade routes
Freedom from religious persecution
Expansion of their empire and become competitive with other powerful European nations such as Spain
England saw the North America’s natural resources as means for gaining wealth and international stature.
Explorers risked their lives for fame, curiosity, and pride for their nation.
The English Colonial Era will start in 1607 with the first permanent settlement at Jamestown by the Virginia Company. This success will lead to the founding of 13 colonies in America.

22. England becomes the most important European Nation in the Americas… They establish permanent colonies.
In the late 1500's, colonies led by individuals failed miserably.
Joint-stock companies developed-Groups of investors who bought shares in the colony.
The first English attempt was by Sir Walter Raleigh on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. This resulted in a failure and the “Lost Colony” of Roanoke. Nobody really knows what happened to the settlers but Virginia Dare is first European child to be born in the Americas.

23. EFFECTS EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1400 TO 1600
European explore
EFFECTS
Europeans reach and settle Americas
Expanded knowledge of world geography
Growth of trade, mercantilism and capitalism
Indian conflicts over land and impact of disease on Indian populations
Introduction of the institution of slavery
Columbian Exchange