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The decisions of the party leaders set government policy

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1 The decisions of the party leaders set government policy
  Ch. 5 - Political Parties Political Party - A group of people with common interests who organize to win elections and influence government One Party System -   The decisions of the party leaders set government policy Usually found in authoritarian or Communist governments Ex. - China, North Korea, Cuba

2 Many parties can be represented in the legislature
Multiparty System - Many parties can be represented in the legislature One party rarely gains enough support to control government    Two Party System - Although other parties exist, two parties dominate govt. In the U.S. they are the Democratic and Republican parties Origins of American Parties - Founding fathers warned against political parties but by 1800 they were prominent

3 Democratic Republicans -
Federalists - For strong national government - by the election of John Adams the Federalist’s power quickly declined Democratic Republicans -   Led by Thomas Jefferson after his election in 1800, they would dominate American politics into the 1820s By 1828 the Democratic Republicans split into two parties – One half became the Democrats Whigs - The other half of the Democratic Republican split By 1850s slavery caused a North, South political divide - many Whigs joined new Republican party - Whig party died out

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5 Eras of Political Parties
Republicans - Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860 Republicans/Democrats have since dominated American politics Eras of Political Parties

6 Minor (Third) Parties -
Any minor party that challenge the major parties - usually formed to meet a need that major parties aren’t addressing Third parties usually fall into one of four categories: Ideological Party - A particular set of beliefs not promoted by the major parties Ex. - Socialist, Libertarian Single Issue Party - Concentrate on a single public policy matter Ex. - Right to Life, Prohibition

7 Economic Protest Party - Usually form in times of economic discontent
Ex. - Greenback, Populist Splinter Party - Split away from one of the major parties Ex. - Progressive, Independent, “Bull Moose”

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9 Economic Protest Party - Usually form in times of economic discontent
Ex. - Greenback, Populist Splinter Party - Split away from one of the major parties Ex. - Progressive, Independent, “Bull Moose” Impact of Minor Parties: 1) Can play the “spoiler” role as in the 1912 election

10 1912 Presidential Election
Party & Candidate Popular Vote   Democrat - Woodrow Wilson 6,293,152 Republican - William H. Taft 3,486,333 Progressive - Theodore Roosevelt 4,119,207

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14 Economic Protest Party - Usually form in times of economic discontent
Ex. - Greenback, Populist Splinter Party - Split away from one of the major parties Ex. - Progressive, Independent, “Bull Moose” Impact of Minor Parties: 1) Can play the “spoiler” role as in the 1912 election 2) Draw attention to important issues - once popular support grows, major parties adopt the issue

15 - Voting qualifications are a reserved power
  Ch. 6 - Voters and Voter Behavior Sect. 1 - The Right to Vote Suffrage - The right to vote - originally only white male adult property owners could vote - Voting qualifications are a reserved power Evolution of Voting Rights -   1) Elimination of religious test, property ownership and tax payments by mid 1800s 2) 15th Amendment After Civil War prohibited the denial of right to vote due to race or color - most African Americans remained disenfranchised for many years

16 Amendment XV (1870) 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

17 - Voting qualifications are a reserved power
  Ch. 6 - Voters and Voter Behavior Sect. 1 - The Right to Vote Suffrage - The right to vote - originally only white male adult property owners could vote - Voting qualifications are a reserved power Evolution of Voting Rights -   1) Elimination of religious test, property ownership and tax payments by mid 1800s 2) 15th Amendment After Civil War prohibited the denial of right to vote due to race or color - most African Americans remained disenfranchised for many years 3) 19th Amendment prohibits the denial of right to vote to women

18 Amendment XIX (1920) 1.The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. 2.Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

19 - Voting qualifications are a reserved power
  Ch. 6 - Voters and Voter Behavior Sect. 1 - The Right to Vote Suffrage - The right to vote - originally only white male adult property owners could vote - Voting qualifications are a reserved power Evolution of Voting Rights -   1) Elimination of religious test, property ownership and tax payments by mid 1800s 2) 15th Amendment After Civil War prohibited the denial of right to vote due to race or color - most African Americans remained disenfranchised for many years 3) 19th Amendment prohibits the denial of right to vote to women

20 4) 24th Amendment 1964 - Eliminated the poll tax

21 Amendment XXIV (1964) 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

22 4) 24th Amendment 1964 - Eliminated the poll tax
5) Voting Rights Act of Enforced the 15th Amendment

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24 4) 24th Amendment 1964 - Eliminated the poll tax
5) Voting Rights Act of Enforced the 15th Amendment 6) 26th Amendment Lowered voting age to 18

25 Evolution of Suffrage Amendment XXVI (1971)
1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Evolution of Suffrage

26 15th Amendment 19th Amendment 24th Amendment 26th Amendment Voting Rights Act

27 4) 24th Amendment 1964 - Eliminated the poll tax
5) Voting Rights Act of Enforced the 15th Amendment 6) 26th Amendment Lowered voting age to 18 Sect. 2 - Voter Qualifications All states have qualifications based on: Citizenship - Must be a U.S. citizen Residency - Must be a resident of the state you vote in - some states have time period requirement Age - 26th Amendment does not allow states to set voting age higher than 18 Registration - Most states require registration and set time period (Ohio - 30 days prior to election)

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29 4) 24th Amendment 1964 - Eliminated the poll tax
5) Voting Rights Act of Enforced the 15th Amendment 6) 26th Amendment Lowered voting age to 18 Sect. 2 - Voter Qualifications All states have qualifications based on: Citizenship - Must be a U.S. citizen Residency - Must be a resident of the state you vote in - some states have time period requirement Age - 26th Amendment does not allow states to set voting age higher than 18 Registration - Most states require registration and set time period (Ohio - 30 days prior to election)

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31 Sect. 4 - Voter Behavior Nonvoting - In a Presidential election only 50-60% of the electorate will vote - much lower for non Presidential elections Why People Don’t Vote - Can’t Vote: Non Citizens - Appxt. 10 million Physically Disabled - Appxt. 5 million Mentally Incompetent - Appxt. 500 thousand Imprisoned - Appxt. 2 million

32 Don’t Vote: Lack Political Efficacy - Feel that they have no effect on the government Inconvenience - Long lines, registration, bad weather, Ballot Fatigue - The farther down the ballot, the fewer people vote

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34 Don’t Vote: Lack Political Efficacy - Feel that they have no effect on the government Inconvenience - Long lines, registration, bad weather, Ballot Fatigue - The farther down the ballot, the fewer people vote Time Zone Fallout - West coast voters watching east coast returns Voter Characteristics - More likely to vote: Higher income, education, married, strong party affiliation, over 35, female

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36 Factors that Influence Voters -
Income and Education: Higher income and education tend to vote Republican - Lower tend to vote Democrat Age, Gender: Older voters and men tend to vote Republican Younger voters and women tend to vote Democrat Religion and Race: Protestants tend to vote Republican - Catholics and Jews tend to vote Democrat - Minorities Democrat Family: Family members tend to vote for same party

37 Political Spectrum

38 Party Loyalty - Voters often support their party regardless of candidates and issues - Straight ticket voter Party loyalty has decreased in recent years - more Split ticket voting and minor party support

39 The End

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