1. 7th Grade Social Studies
Final Exam Review: Part 1
I want you
to study for the Final Exam!

2. Land Bridge Theory: Asian people migrated to North America by crossing a land bridge that connected the two continents of Asia and North America. (Since then, the sea level has risen and the land bridge is now under water.)

3. More than 10,000 years ago, people crossed the Bering Land Bridge from East Asia into North America not to follow their dreams, but to survive. They followed herds of large mammals (many of them now extinct) to hunt for food and shelter, all the while expanding their civilization and possibly unknowingly populating a new world.

4. 1. Why did early people cross the land bridge from Asia to North America?
A. To fulfill the American dream
B. They followed migrating herds in search of food.
C. To practice religion freely
D. In search of gold

5. Archeology - The study of human activity in the past.
artifact- An object made by a human being,
typically an item of cultural or historical interest,
carbon dating - The
determination of the age
of an organic object from
the relative proportions of
the carbon isotopes
carbon-12 and carbon-14 in
it.
dig site – the
location where
archeologists dig
for evidence of
human activity.

6. 2. Artifacts, carbon dating, and dig site are terms associated with:
A. Sociology
B. Economics
C. Civics
D. Archeology

7. Buffalo were the primary source of food, shelter, clothing, and tools for Native American Indians in the Great Plains.

8. What was the primary source of food, shelter, clothing for Native Americans in the Great Plains?
A. Buffalo
B. Deer
C. Fish
D. Corn

9. Primary Source- Primary sources are original materials
Primary Source- Primary sources are original materials. They are from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation. Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based. They are usually the first formal appearance of results in physical, print or electronic format. They present original thinking, report a discovery, or share new information.
A personal journal A letter written
kept by a soldier by a woman
during the war to her husband

10. Secondary Source - Secondary sources are less easily defined than primary sources. Generally, they are accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources. Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather commentary on and discussion of evidence.
A text book A movie about the Civil War

11. 4. Which of the following is an example of a primary source?
A. A personal journal kept by a Civil War soldier
B. A magazine article about the American Revolution written in 2013.
C. A social studies text book
D. A film about the Civil War

12. The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) adapted to their physical environment.
They built long houses from the natural resources in the area.
They hunted deer and buffalo for food.
They ate the berries and plants in the area.

13. The major cause of death
among Native American Indians
after contact with Spanish explorers
was disease.

14. Which situation provides the best evidence that the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) adapted to their physical environment?
Speaking a language different from their neighbors
Developing an alliance with the Algonquins
Living in longhouses made of wood and bark
Including women in the governing process

15. Which was the major cause of death among Native American Indians after contact with Spanish explorers?
Relocation
Starvation
Slavery
Disease

16. When European nations sent explorers to the Americas:
New types of foods were shared by Europeans and Americans.
Native American Indian populations were destroyed by disease.
Europeans settled and started colonies in the Americas.
Africans were brought to the Americas as slaves.

17. The Mayflower Compact was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States. It was drawn up by separatists with fair and equal laws, for the general
good of the settlement and with the will
of the majority.
The Mayflower Compact was an important step in the development of American democracy, because it promoted respect for self-government.

18. What made the Mayflower Compact an important step in the development of American democracy?
A. Established the Court System
B. Gave women the right to vote
C. Promoted respect for self-government
D. Allowed for freedom of religion

19. Culture
is a way of life
shared by
members
of a society.
Culture is the entire way of life for a group of people (including both material and symbolic elements). It is a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next. It includes things such as language, standards of beauty, hand gestures, styles of dress, food, and music.

20. 8. What is Culture?
A way of life shared by members of a society
The interaction of plants and animals
Spreading ones religion
An interpretation of a primary source

21. The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds.  Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. Beginning after Columbus' discovery in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of expansion and discovery.  The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic.

22. What was The Columbian Exchange?
A. The trade that took place between Britain and Columbia
B. The exchange between plants and animals
C. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between the
Old World and the New World.

23. In the 1600’s, the Dutch were more anxious to secure trade than territory. Soon after the discovery of the Hudson River, by Captain Henry Hudson, the Dutch traders sent vessels to Manhattan Island, now constituting the city of New York, and began bartering with the Indians. In 1621 Holland granted the territory from Delaware Bay to the Connecticut River to the Dutch West India Company. The name given to the territory was New Netherland, while the settlement, which grew in time into the metropolis of America, was called New Amsterdam. The whole island was bought from the Indians for sixty guilders, equal to about twenty-four dollars.

24. Who were the first Europeans to establish a colony in New York state?
A. Spanish
B. British
C. French
D. Dutch

25. Mercantilism is the belief that colonies exist to benefit the economy of the mother country.
The more colonies
a country had,
the wealthier
it became.

26. People who lived in New France adapted to their environment.
Most people made a living by Fishing
and Fur Trading.

27. What were the most profitable ways of making a living in New France?

28. The 13 colonies were located along the Atlantic Ocean.
The colonies were founded by Great Britain between
People who lived in the colonies were called colonists.
The colonists came to America for: political freedom, religious freedom, economic opportunity, and to escape persecution.

29. The original 13 colonies were colonies of which country?
A. Spain
B. Holland
C. United States
D. England

30. Quakers were known for their beliefs in practicing Religious Tolerance.
They believed that all people should be allowed to practice their own religion freely.

31. What is Religious Tolerance?
A. One religion for an entire country
B. Government regulation of religion and culture
C. Allowing others to practice religion freely
D. Requiring children under 12 to practice religion

32. In the South,
the need for agricultural workers grew and so did the demand
for enslaved African people.

33. The demand for agricultural workers in the early Southern Colonies led to
A. The use of enslaved people from Africa
B. Industrialization
C. Improved farm equipment
D. The invention of the Cotton Gin

34. This illustration was created by Benjamin Franklin and was published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, The purpose of the political cartoon was to convince the colonists that they could not survive if they did not stick together.

35. Although the British won the French and Indian War, it was very costly.
The British decided to have the Colonists pay for the large war debt by taxing them in various ways.
These taxes led to protests and rebellion by the colonists and eventually the American Revolution.

36. What was the result of the French and Indian War that led directly to the American Revolution?
A. England made the Colonists pay for their war debt.
B. The British lost a lot of land to the French.
C. French colonies expanded North.
D. The Native Americans were put on reservations.

37. "No taxation without representation" is a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the British Colonists in the 13 Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution. In short, many colonists believed that since they were not directly represented in the distant British Parliament, any laws it passed taxing the colonists (such as the Sugar Act and Stamp Act) were illegal under the Bill of Rights from 1689, and were a denial of their rights as Englishmen.

38. One of the methods used by American Colonists to protest the taxes set by Britain was to Boycott British goods.
A Boycott is the refusal to have dealings with (a person, organization, etc.) or refuse to buy (a product) as a protest or means of coercion.
For example, the colonists boycotted British Tea.

39. Why did the colonists think that the British taxes were unfair?
A. The taxes were too high.
B. The British didn’t have to pay any taxes in England.
C. Colonists lacked representation in Parliament.
D. The taxes were on their favorite items.
Boycotts were an effective way of protesting British policies because the boycotts:
A. Encouraged the British to remove troops from the Colonies.
B. Kept out foreign products
C. Caused economic hardships for British merchants
D. Makes the colonists pay less for British goods.

40. During the period of the American Revolution, Americans who wanted independence from Britain were called Patriots.
They believed that it was their natural right to govern themselves.
Patrick Henry gave a speech in which he proclaimed,
“Give me liberty or give me death!”

41. “ …give me liberty or give me death!”
“A government of our own is our natural right …”
“We must indeed all hang together or, most assuredly,
we shall all hang separately.”
During the period of the American Revolution, the above statements were made by members of which group?
A. Native American Indians
B. Redcoats
C. Patriots
D. Tories

42. The Declaration of Independence was written in order to declare to Great Britain that the American Colonists were no longer under their rule and that the Americans were free and separate from Britain.
--Franklin, Adams, Jefferson--
“…We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness …”

43. “…We hold these truths to be self evident,
that all men are created equal…”
Which document contains these words?
A. Mayflower Compact
B. Emancipation Proclamation
C. Treaty of Paris
D. Declaration of Independence

45. The Constitution of the United States is the law of the land
The Constitution of the United States is the law of the land. It describes the basic structure, functions, and powers of the government.

46. The Constitution of the United States was considered an improvement over the Articles of Confederation because the Constitution changed the:
A. Women’s rights
B. Status of slavery
C. Balance of power between national and state
governments
D. Number of Americans eligible to vote

47. Which type of document usually describes the basic structure, functions, and powers of the government?
A. Proclamation
B. Resolution
C. Constitution
D. Treaty

49. At the Constitutional Convention (1787), the Great Compromise resolved the issue of congressional representation by:
A. Including the electoral college
B. Limiting the powers of government
C. Providing public elections
D. Creating a two house legislature

50. The Preamble to the Constitution of the United States begins with the phrase, “We the People”. The reason for this is that our forefathers wanted to make it clear to everyone that the power to govern originates with the people.

52. The Constitution of the United States
*The Constitution has a system of Checks and Balances
to make sure that
one branch of government does not get too much power.
* The Constitution can be changed
If Congress makes an Amendment.
* The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights. Some of these rights are freedom of speech, religion, and press, the right to bear arms, the right to a speedy trial, and protection from unreasonable search and seizure.

53. The system of checks and balances was included in the Constitution to:
A. Ensure that one branch of government would not gain too much power
B. Provide a way to make improvements to the document
C. Allow more people the right to vote
D. Allow for trial by jury
How can the United States Constitution be changed?
A. Veto
B. Resolution
C. Amendment
D. Judicial hearing

54. Which document guarantees freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection from unreasonable search and seizure?
A. Federalist Papers
B. Bill of Rights
C. Declaration of Independence
D. Articles of Confederation

55. Thomas Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase cost the U.S. government $15 million and doubled the size of the United States.
Thomas Jefferson chose Lewis and Clark to lead an expedition to explore and map out the new territory.

56. The Louisiana Purchase was important to the growth of the United States because it
A. Gave the nation control of the Pacific Ocean
B. Completed America’s westward expansion
C. Doubled the size of the country
D. Brought Arizona into the Union
Lewis and Clark were sent by the President into the newly acquired
Louisiana Purchase Territory primarily to
A. Search for precious metals
B. Improve relations with Native American Indians
C. Explore and map the region
D. Expand the fur trade

57. The Monroe Doctrine was a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

58. The Monroe Doctrine:
A. Warned European nations not to interfere in the
Americas
B. Regulated trade from the Americas
C. Opposed the newly independent nations
of Latin America

59. The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

60. The Trail of Tears occurred as a result of President Andrew Jackson’s efforts to:
A. Remove Native American Indians from all land east of the
Mississippi River
B. Assimilate Native American Indians into the American culture.
C. Return stolen lands back to Native American Indians
D. Allow native tribes to self govern within state boundaries