1. Biology of the brain online case studies

2. 1. When an electrical signal enters a neuron, it begins at the _____________
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrite
D. Myelin sheath
E. None of the above

3. 1. When an electrical signal enters a neuron, it begins at the _____________
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrite
D. Myelin sheath
E. None of the above

4. 1. When an electrical signal travel through a neuron, it enters at the dendrite,
continues through the ______________,
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrite
D. Myelin sheath
E. None of the above

5. 1. When electrical signals travel through a neuron, it enters at the dendrite,
continues through the ______________,
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrite
D. Myelin sheath
E. None of the above

6. 1. When electrical signals travel through a neuron, it enters at the dendrite,
continues through the cell body ,
and then through the __________________.
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrite
D. Myelin sheath
E. None of the above

7. 1. When electrical signals travel through a neuron, it enters at the _dendrite,
continues through the _cell body_,
and then through the _____axon_______.
A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrite
D. Myelin sheath
E. None of the above

8. 1. The axon then sends chemicals called ________________ across the ___________ to the next neuron.
A. neurotransmitters – synapse
B. Synapse – neurons
C. Neurons – synapse
D. Synapse – neurotransmitters
E. None of the above

9. 1. The axon then sends chemicals called ________________ across the ___________ to the next neuron.
A. neurotransmitters – synapse
B. Synapse – neurons
C. Neurons – synapse
D. Synapse – neurotransmitters
E. None of the above

10. 2. When bill was playing basketball, he fell and bruised his knee
2. When bill was playing basketball, he fell and bruised his knee. However, the knee didn’t start to hurt until after the game. This is probably due to his brain releasing ____________, which is a type of _________.
A. Dopamine – acetylcholine
B. Synapse – endorphins
C. Endorphins – neurotransmitter
D. None of the above

11. A. Dopamine – acetylcholine B. Synapse – endorphins C. Endorphins
2. When bill was playing basketball, he fell and bruised his knee. However, the knee didn’t start to hurt until after the game. This is probably due to his brain releasing ____________, which is a type of _________.
A. Dopamine – acetylcholine
B. Synapse – endorphins
C. Endorphins
neurotransmitter
D. None of the above

12. 3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ________________ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system.
A. sympathetic nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
E. None of the above

13. 3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ________________ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system.
A. sympathetic nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
E. None of the above

14. 3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ______Central____ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system.
A. sympathetic nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
E. None of the above

15. 3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ______Central____ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system.
A. sympathetic nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Peripheral nervous system
D. Parasympathetic nervous system
E. None of the above

16. 3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ______central____ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ___peripheral_____ nervous system.

17. 4. Jim falls off a ladder and cannot feel his legs. What has happened?
A. Broke his leg
B. Broke his patella
C. Injured his brain
D. None of the above

18. 4. Jim falls off a ladder and cannot feel his legs. What has happened?
A. Broke his leg
B. Broke his patella
C. Injured his brain
D. None of the above – severed spinal column

19. 5. How could you easily test to see if a reflex arc (and interneurons) are working even if his spinal cord is severed?
A. give an MRI
B. use the needle test
C. look for the knee-jerk reaction
D. ask him
E. None of the above

20. 5. How could you easily test to see if a reflex arc (and interneurons) are working even if his spinal cord is severed?
A. give an MRI
B. use the needle test
C. look for the
knee-jerk reaction
D. ask him
E. None of the above

21. Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system
6. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for causing your heart to race?
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
None of the above
Answer: C

22. Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system
6. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for causing your heart to race?
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
None of the above
Answer: C

23. Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system
7. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for brining you back to a normal state of arousal?
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
None of the above
Answer: C

24. Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system
7. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for brining you back to a normal state of arousal?
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
None of the above
Answer: C

25. 8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top
8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top. In that case, what would be the sequence of brain development?
A. Limbic system, brain stem, cerebral cortex
B. Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex
C. Limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem

26. 8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top
8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top. In that case, what would be the sequence of brain development?
A. Limbic system, brain stem, cerebral cortex
B. Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex
C. Limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem

27. 9. Twee lost her sight in an accident
9. Twee lost her sight in an accident. However, her visual cortex is still activated when she reads brail. What characteristic of the brain allows her to do this?
A. Plasticity
B. Phrenology
C. Neural prosthetics
D. None of the above

28. 9. Twee lost her sight in an accident
9. Twee lost her sight in an accident. However, her visual cortex is still activated when she reads brail. What characteristic of the brain allows her to do this?
A. Plasticity
B. Phrenology
C. Neural prosthetics
D. None of the above

29. 10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain
10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with math.
What brain structure helps him use both sides of his brain to help recover?
A. Pons
B. Cerebellum
C. Corpus callosum
D. None of the above

30. 10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain
10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with math.
What brain structure helps him use both sides of his brain to help recover?
A. Pons
B. Cerebellum
C. Corpus callosum
D. None of the above

31. 11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain
11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with logic.
Which side of his brain was damaged?
A Right side
B. Left side
(Note: The entire brain is active, but it appears one side is more active in certain activities)

32. 11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain
11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with math.
Which side of his brain was damaged?
A Right side
B. Left side
(Note: The entire brain is active, but it appears one side is more active in certain activities)

33. 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain.
Which brain scan would you use, why would you use , and how do each of these work?
A. ECT
B. EGG
C. EEG
D. CAT scan
E. Dog scan

34. 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain.
Which brain scan would you use, why would you use , and how do each of these work?
A. ECT
B. EGG
C. EEG
D. CAT scan
E. Dog scan

35. 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow.
Which brain scan would you use for each of these task, why would you use these, and how do each of these work?
A. fMRI
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. PET
None of the above

36. 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow.
Which brain scan would you use for each of these task, why would you use these, and how do each of these work?
A. fMRI
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. PET
None of the above

37. 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. (3) Finally you want to use radioactive glucose to know if brain damage is causing her difficulty.
Which brain scans would you use for each of these tasks, why would you use these, and how do each of these work?
A. fMRI
B. ECT
C. CT
D. EEG
E. None of the above

38. E. None of the above – PET scan
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. (3) Finally you want to use radioactive glucose to know if brain damage is causing her difficulty.
Which brain scans would you use for each of these tasks, why would you use these, and how do each of these work?
A. fMRI
B. ECT
C. CT
D. EEG
E. None of the above – PET scan
– Positron Emission Tomography

39. 1. ECT - Electroencephalogram
12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. (3) Finally you want to use radioactive glucose to know if brain damage is causing her difficulty.
Which brain scans would you use for each of these tasks, why would you use these, and how do each of these work?
1. ECT - Electroencephalogram
2.fMRI – Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
3.PET – Positron Emission Tomography

40. 13. After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her:
amygdala.
cerebellum.
corpus callosum.
D. None of the above
Answer: C

41. 13. After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her:
amygdala.
cerebellum.
C. corpus callosum.
Answer: C

42. 14. Janet is taking Prozac for her depression, which neurotransmitter is being targeted?
Glutamate
BV. Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Endorphin
E. None of the above
Answer: A

43. 14. Janet is taking Prozac for her depression, which neurotransmitter is being targeted?
Glutamate
BV. Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Endorphin
None of the above
Serotonin
Answer: A

44. 14. Janet is taking Prozac for her depression, which neurotransmitter is being targeted?
A. serotonin
B. glutamate
C. GABA
D. acetylcholine
Answer: A
SSRI’s

45. 15. You are in a heated argument with your partner
15. You are in a heated argument with your partner. Which part of your brain is most active?
A. amygdala
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. cerebellum
Answer: A

46. 15. Jim is in a heated argument with your partner
15. Jim is in a heated argument with your partner. Which part of his brain is most active?
A. amygdala
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. cerebellum
Answer: A

47. Believe in yourself!
You can do more than you think you can!