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Adaptations and Biomes
Obj. 3a, 3e, & 3h
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Adaptations to an Environment
Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions An adaptation is a trait that an organism has inherited that helps it survive and reproduce in their habitat Ex. Sharks sense of smell, shape of a bird’s beak, dogs can hear well, flowers have bright colors Physical adaptations do not develop during one lifetime, but over many generations Genes that help determine survival are passed from parent to offspring
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How many traits can you find that are adaptations to this environment?
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Adaptations Over Time Natural selection is the process by which individuals who are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.
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Charles Darwin/Finches Galapagos Islands
Charles Darwin- English scientist who proposed the theory of natural selection in 1859. Sailed on the Beagle to South America for research Studied tortoises, finches, lizards, and other animals on the islands.
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Animals of Galapagos Islands
Finches- beaks are adapted for different feeding behaviors Ex: insects, seeds, fruit Iguanas- able to dive underwater to eat algae, sharp claws to cling to rocks, expel salt by sneezing Tortoises- shell shape depends on island environment
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Finch Beaks
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Animals of Galapagos Islands
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Causes for Adaptations Among Species:
Inheriting traits/variations that have advantages for survival or reproduction Overpopulation/competition Environment/Climate
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Variations Variations are different ways that a trait can express itself Some variations make individuals better fit for survival from predators allowing them to reproduce and pass the favorable trait to their offspring Ex. Variations among turtles make some of them better able to survive. Turtles that survive to become adults will be able to reproduce.
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Variations What trait variations allowed for the sea turtles to survive until reproduction
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What type of environment would have caused this trait to become the most common in the population?
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Natural Selection by Environment
Variations can also allow organisms to become better adapted to survive in a particular climate. Organisms expressing traits that allow them to survive & reproduce in a particular environment will become the dominant life within the environment.
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Example of inherited traits for survival & reproduction
Camouflage Snake Mimicry Mexican Milk Snake Bright colors/poisonous Skunk and Poison Arrow Frog “Hair” projections Hedgehog quills Deer Antlers Courtship behaviors Male birds dance & have colors to attract mates
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Endangered/Extinctions
Organisms that are not able to adapt to their environment could become endangered or extinct. Threatened- could become endangered in near future Endangered- at risk of extinction Extinct- a species with no surviving members
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Examples of Extinct Species
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Reasons for Extinctions
Pollution Overhunting Habitat loss Introduced species- compete with native species Diseases Climate change- global warming
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Biomes Biomes are Large geographic areas characterized by a distinct climate and specific types of plant & animal life. Climate is the weather a place has over a long period of time (50 years).
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic factors- parts of the environment that are living Examples: trees, grass, animals Abiotic factors- the nonliving environment Examples: rocks, soil, air, water
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Identify three biotic and three abiotic factors in this picture.
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Taiga/Boreal Forest Biomes
Winters are cold and very snowy Summers are warm and rainy enough to melt all the snow Dominant plants adapt with needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss by having less surface area Ex. evergreens Animal have adapted by camouflage, hibernating or migrating, & thick fur
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Rain Forest Biomes Wet, warm biomes that contain the greatest variety of life on earth Plant & animal life adapts in a variety of ways Camouflage Poisonous Mimicry
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Desert Biomes Receive less than 25 cm of rain per year.
Hottest temperature on Earth The plants have many adaptations for getting and conserving water. (deep roots, needles) Some animals have adapted by being nocturnal, burrowing under ground, & being hairless
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Aquatic Biomes Adaptations
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Plant Adaptations Desert- store water in stems or leaves, no leaves (needles), long root systems, waxy coating Taiga- evergreen (do not lose needles), needles that shed snow, dark color absorbs sunlight Tundra- mostly grass and moss, low-growing, roots cannot penetrate permafrost Rainforest- fast-growing, shallow roots, drip tips and waxy surfaces allow water run-off, many climbing plants
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Plant Adaptations
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Plant Adaptations Temperate Deciduous Forest- thin, broad, lightweight leaves to capture sunlight, lose leaves in winter, thick bark protects against freezing Water Plants- flexible stems to move with current, air spaces to help them float, may produce seeds that float. Grassland- narrow leaves, thick roots, grow quickly after fires
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Plant Adaptations Plant Adaptations
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