1. Packet #13 Short Edition Chapter #9
Cell Respiration
Packet #13
Short Edition
Chapter #9

2. Introduction
The goal of cellular respiration is to produce energy in the form of ATP
Adenosine Tri-phosphate
Catabolism
Breaking large molecules to small molecules while producing energy
Cell respiration, occurring when oxygen is present, is called aerobic respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

3. Methods of Producing ATP I
Substrate level phosphorylation
Occurs when a phosphate is transferred directly, from an intermediate, to ADP to produce ATP
Occurs during glycolysis and the Kreb’s Cycle

4. Methods of Producing ATP II
Oxidative phosphorylation
Occurs when NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinulceotide), or FADH (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is oxidized (redox reaction), using oxygen, to form ATP
Occurs at the electron transport chain
1 NADH produces 3 ATP’s
1 FADH produces 2 ATP’s

5. “Selected” Steps of Cell Respiration
Substrate Level Phosporylation

6. Step I Process Location
Large organic macromolecules are changed to their building blocks
Polysaccharides  monosaccharide (glucose)
Proteins  amino acids
Fats  glycerol & fatty acid chains
Location
Cytosol of cell

7. Step II Glycolysis 10 steps Location Production Cytosol of cell
2 net ATP’s
Via substrate level phosphorylation
Pyruvate
Produced from breaking glucose in half
2 NADH

8. Step III Pyruvate to ACOA (Acetyl Co-enzyme A) Location Production
Mitochondria Matrix
Production
ACOA
NADH
CO2

9. Step IV Krebs Cycle Location Production Mitochondria Matrix
2 GTP (ATP)
Via substrate level phosphorylation
NADH
FADH
Oxaloacetate

10. Oxidative Phosphorylation

11. Step V Location Process Electron Transport Chain
Found within the inner membrane of the mitochondria
Made up of 5 complexes
Complex 5 is called ATP synthase (an enzyme)
Produces ATP
Process
All NADH and FADH, produced in earlier stages, were transported to Electron Transport Chain.
NADH/FADH donate H+ and electrons
Both H+ , and the electrons, are used in the process of making ATP.

12. Total Number of ATP’s

13. ATP Production Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Glycolysis
2 ATP’s
Kreb’s Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
32-34 ATP’s
Totals
36 – 38 ATP

14. Fermentation—(Cell Respiration in the Absence of Oxygen)

15. Introduction I Anaerobic Respiration Two Types
Respiration without the presence of oxygen
The oxygen is necessary for the electron transport chain.
Two Types
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

16. Introduction II Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation
Glucose + 2P + 2ADP  2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O
Occurs in muscles during intense exercise
The production of lactate (lactic acid) results in muscle cramps
Allows production of quick amounts of “expensive” ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in muscles, but is well known for use in the production of alcoholic beverages and in baking when yeast is used
The products of the chemical reaction are alcohol and CO2
CO2 causes air pockets in bread allowing it to rise