1. Concept of Matter and Energy
Chemistry of Life
Concept of Matter and Energy

2. Matter (has mass and takes up space)
Element: building block that can’t be broken *major elements in body – O, C, H, and N Atom: smallest unit of matter Molecule: when 2 or more atoms share electrons Ion: when an atom gives up/gains electrons and is charged

3. Parts of an atom: proton, neutrons, electrons

4. Using the Periodic Table
# protons = atomic number
#neutrons = mass number (rounded) – atomic #
# electrons = # protons

5. Periodic Table
Groups- run vertically
Periods- run horizontally

6. Chemical Bonds Valence Shell: number of electrons in the outer shell
Chemically stable: atom with 8 electrons in valence shell
Ionic Bonds (strong): Opposites attract—force of attraction between ions of opposite charges
Electrolyte: ionic compound that breaks apart into cations(+) (/anions (-) when dissolved
*most ionic bonds are found in bones/teeth
Covalent bonds (weak): When atoms share electrons
*most found in the body’s organs

7. Isotopes
Isotopes: elements that have same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
Radioactive isotopes used as tracers or markers in the body
Barium: viewing digestinal tract
Iodine: used in testing the thyroid
Strontium: used to identify bone cancer

8. Types of Reactions Synthesis: put together A + B AB
Decomposition: split apart AB A + B
Exchange: AB + CD AD + BC
Reversible: AB A + B

9. Energy Types Kinetic: energy of motion
Potential: energy due to position / stored energy
Types:
Thermal: heat (muscular)
Chemical: (digestion, chemical reactions)
Electrical: (nerve signals)
Radiant: light waves from sun (integumentary, muscular)
Mechical: movement

10. pH (potential hydrogen)