1. MOVEMENT AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS
YEAR 12 PE

2. 3 TYPES OF JOINTS? Fibrous Cartilaginous
Synovial – 6 types: GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH:
Ball and Socket
Pivot e.g
Condyloid
Gliding
Hinge
Saddle

3. Movements at synovial joints
Movements only occur at joints
Some joints (e.g ball and socket) can do more movements than others (e.g hinge)

4. Joint movements Flexion and Extension Abduction and Adduction
Circumduction and Rotation
Supination and Pronation
Inversion and Eversion
Depression and Elevation
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

5. Flexion and extension
Flexion
Extension
Decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint
E.g bending the elbow
Radius and Ulna of lower arm drawn toward the humerus
Increasing the angle between two bones at the joint
E.g. Straightening the elbow
Radius and Ulna of lower arm drawn away from the humerus

6. Abduction and adduction
Moving the bone away from the midline of the body
ABDUCT = to take someone away
E.g. Humerus is drawn to the side
Moving the bone towards the midline of the body
ADD = adding to the body
E.g. Humerus drawn inside towards midline of the body

7. Circumduction and rotation
Movement of the shoulder going around in circles
Movement of a bone around a central axis
.E.g head rotating around the atlas (axis)

8. Supination and Pronation
Movement of the hands so the palms face up
Movement of the hands so the palms face down

9. Inversion and Eversion
Moving the ankle so it is inwards (toes are touching each other)
Moving the ankle so it is outwards (toes pointing away from each other)

10. Depression and Elevation
Lowering the shoulders downwards
Raising the shoulders up

11. Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
Movement of the ankle that causes the toes to be raised up towards the tibia
DORSI = fin of a dolphin
Movement of the ankle that causes the toes to be pointed downwards
PLANT = plant your foot