1. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2. Warm up
Pretend you are a chocolate chip cookie. You have been ingested by a hungry teenager. Trace the path from your mouth to your rectum of your journey through the digestive system!

3. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions
What are the functions of the digestive system?
How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate?
What are the common disorders of the digestive system?
How are disorders of the digestive system treated?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

4. Understand the functions of the digestive system
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

5. Functions of the digestive system
Mouth (buccal cavity)
What digestive system functions occur in the mouth?
What is bolus?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

6. Functions of the digestive system
Tongue
Provide taste stimuli to the brain.
Determine the temperature of food and liquid.
Manipulates food and aids in swallowing.
Bolus- the tongue pushes food into a ball-like mass in the mouth so that it can be swallowed.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

7. Functions of the digestive system
Teeth
Used to cut, hold, tear, crush and grind food.
Mastication- the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes. Chewing
Teeth and tongue cause the physical breakdown of food.
Incisors
Cuspids
Bicuspids
Molars
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

8. Functions of the digestive system
Salivary glands
Production of saliva
Produces liters of saliva per day.
Small amounts are produced continually to keep the mouth moist.
The idea or presence of food increases saliva production
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

9. Functions of the digestive system
Saliva
99.4%water. Contains antibodies, buffers ions, waste products and enzymes
Contains (ptyalin)- causes the initial chemical breakdown of carbohydrates.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 9

10. Functions of the digestive system
Palate- Separates the oral and nasal cavities. Aids in speaking.
Uvula- Aids in swallowing by directing food toward the pharnyx and blocking food from entering the nasal cavity
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

11. Functions of the digestive system
Pharynx
Passageway for food, water and air.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

12. Functions of the digestive system
Esophagus
Tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach
Peristalasis-the wave-like motion of the digestive system to move food through.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

13. Functions of the digestive system
Stomach
Serves as a temporary hold area for food.
Absorbs small amounts of water and nutrients.
Churns food like a cement mixer combining it with gastric juices.
Regulates the rate partially digested food enters the small intestines.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

14. Functions of the digestive system
Stomach
Gastric Juices- Hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and mucus. Chemical breakdown of food.
HCl Acid- breaks down connective tissue, kills pathogens and activates pepsinogen to produce pepsin.
Pepsin- breaks down protein.
Mucus- protects stomach from HCl acid.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 14

15. Functions of the digestive system
Stomach
Chyme- The thick semifluid mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.
It takes 4-8 hours for the stomach to empty. Fats and proteins take the longest time to breakdown.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 15

16. Functions of the digestive system
Small Intestine
Where the majority of our food is digested. Chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter a small amount at a time and enters the duodenum.
Digestion of carbohydrates, fats and protein is completed and absorption of nutrients occurs.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

17. Functions of the digestive system
Pancreas
Secretes buffers and digestive enzymes
Carbohydrases- breaks down carbohydrates
Lipases- Breaks down lipids
Proteinases- breaks down proteins
Nucleases- breaks down nucleic acid.
Enters the duodenum through the pancreatic duct
Also part of the endocrine system.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

18. Functions of the digestive system
Liver
Produces bile that is used to break down fats so it can mix with water for digestion.
Produces Vitamin K which aids in blood clotting.
Produces bilirubin- yellow pigment formed by the breakdown of worn out RBC’s
Detoxifies the body of harmful substances.
Destroys old RBC’s
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

19. Functions of the digestive system
Gallbladder
Stores bile produced by the liver
Enters the duodenum through the common bile duct
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

20. Functions of the digestive system
Large intestine
Water absorption
Absorption of vitamins produced by the healthy bacteria in the intestines.
Compaction of waste products for elimination.
What is chyme?
What is the semi-solid liquid secreted
from the ileum through the ileoceccal valve
called that enters the large intestine?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

21. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system
Act of Digestion
Ingestion- To take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption.
Mastication- To chew or grind
Digestion- The process by which the food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and used by the body.
Secretion- Secreting a substance
Absorption- The act of absorbing
Excretion- The act of discharging waste material
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

22. Functions of the digestive system
Check your knowledge…
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

23. Processing Match the Function Process of Digestion
Components of the Digestive System
Find information in textbook (pg522) if not in notes

24. Digestive System Disorders

25. Warm up http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gAeCrKudsk

26. Disorders of the digestive system
Anorexia
Decreased or poor appetite
Symptom
Bulimia Nervosa
Poor body image
Binge eating and purging with laxatives
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by refusal to eat
Poor body image, refusal to eat.
Psychiatric disorder VS
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

27. Disorders of the digestive system
Caries
What is another name for caries?
What are caries?
Can you identify
preventive measures?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

28. Disorders of the Digestive System
Cholelithiasis- Gallstone disease- stones forming in the gallbladder
Symptoms- Fever, abdominal pain and nausea after eating a diet high in fat.

29. Disorders of the digestive system
Cholecystitis
What is cholecystitis?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Cholelithiasis
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

30. Disorders of the digestive system
Cleft palate
What is cleft palate?
What is its impact on health?
Who have this condition?
What specialist(s) should be
consulted to correct a cleft palates?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

31. Disorders of the digestive system
Cirrhosis
What is cirrhosis?
What are the symptoms?
Caused by alcohol and Tylenol abuse.
What is the leading cause of cirrhosis?
How can it be treated?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

32. Disorders of the digestive system
Constipation
What is constipation?
What are some causes?
Can be avoided by eating proper foods such as cereals, fruits, vegetables and drinking plenty of water.
What is obstipation?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

33. Constipation

34. Fecal Impaction

35. Disorders of the digestive disorders
Diarrhea
Define diarrhea.
What causes it?
What are the effects on your health?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

36. Disorders of the digestive disorders
Gastroenteritis What is gastroenteritis? What causes it? Can be prevented by proper handwashing
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

37. Disorders of the digestive system
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Symptoms- heartburn, pain and burning in the epigastric region- especially when lying flat. Relieved when head is elevated. Food and digestive juices reflux back into esophagus. Can aspirate in the lungs.
What are some common causes of GERD?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

38. Disorders of the digestive system
It is recommended that all health care workers be vaccinated for hepatitis
Hepatitis
Acute
Chronic
Hepatitis A- Caused by contaminated food- oral fecal route.
Hepatitis B, C, D, E are caused by blood borne pathogens
What are some common symptoms of hepatitis?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

39. Disorders of the digestive system
Irritable bowel syndrome
Define irritable bowel syndrome.
Discuss how will treatments relate to:
Lifestyle
Diet
Medication
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

40. Disorders of the digestive system
Obesity
Caused by overeating, not exercising with a BMI over 31.
20% of children and 65% of adults are overweight.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 43

42. Disorders of the digestive system
Peptic ulcer
What is a peptic ulcer?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

43. Disorders of the digestive system
Ulcerative colitis/ Crohn’s
What is it?
What causes it? Autoimmune disease
How is it treated?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 46

44. Disorders of the digestive system
Ulcerative Colitis/ Crohn’s
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease of the colon and rectum, together known as the large intestine. When inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine mucosa, or innermost lining, occurs, tiny open sores may form on the surface of the lining.
Because inflammation damages the lining of the intestinal wall, it may bring about the onset of a flare, including:
DIARRHEA
BLOODY STOOL
ABDOMINAL PAIN OR CRAMPING
Unlike Crohn's, UC involves damaging inflammation of only the colon and rectum.
Ulcerative colitis differs from another inflammatory bowel condition, Crohn’s disease. While Crohn's may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, UC only involves the colon and rectum.
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 47

45. Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system
Healthy dietary habits help maintain homeostasis of body systems
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

46. Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system
Vitamins
Fat soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Water soluble
Vitamins C, B
Protein- promotes healing
Carbohydrates- such as pancakes and pasta give you extra energy- marathon runners
Electrolytes
Calcium- strong bones and teeth and aid in blood clotting
Chloride
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

47. Processing https://www.choosemyplate.gov/SuperTracker/default.aspx
Digestive Disorder Word Scramble
Mystery Diagnosis
Digestive System Study Guide

48. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions
What are the functions of the digestive system?
How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate?
What are the common disorders of the digestive system?
How are disorders of the digestive system treated?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system?
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system