1. PIA2000 Recruitment, Education and Training
Introduction to Public Affairs
Week Seven
Recruitment, Education and Training

2. The More that things change the more they stay the same
Video
The Functions of Government

3. Overview: This Week- Recruitment, Education and Training
I. Human Resource Development Key: Internal Capacity Building? II. Recruitment, Education and Training III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector IV. Human Resource Development and Education VI. Theories of Recruitment VII. Representation VIII. Territorial Administration

4. I. Human Resource Development Key: Internal Capacity Building?
Education: Assumed key in Developed Countries and LDCs
Modernization: Education the Key?
Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done
Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital

5. World Bank Institute

6. The Strategy

8. Social Capital and Civil Society? How International

9. Strategy of Human Development
Understand Concepts explaining transformation
Combinations of welfare, social and human resource development?
Debates about Merit?

11. HRD Concepts 1. Socialization- More Next week 2. Status vs. Role
3. Counter-Roles
4. Role Theory

12. Role Theory and HR Development

13. Role Theory and HRD
Other People’s Behavior and Environmental Factors influence
Personal Characteristics (Cognitive, Affective and Biological Events)

14. “Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”

15. II. Recruitment, Education
The Issues
II. Recruitment, Education
and Training

16. The Hierarchy of Needs (Abraham Maslov)

17. Alternative Choices-1
1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity)
2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community
3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme)
4. Basic Needs: Human Security (Food, Water and Shelter)

19. Alternative Choices-2 5. Management Development
6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument?
7. Civil Society and Social Capital- Is this an HRD issue?

20. The Poverty Debate and Education- Waiting for Superman?

21. Alternative Choices-3 8. NGOs, Education and Development:
a. Social Development or left wing privatization?
b. Scaling-up and self-spreading
9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes)
10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?

22. Women vs. Gender and Development Issues: Discussion

23. Societal Development- A Macro-Approach Idea

24. III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector
Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?
Differences between
Private and Non-Profit?
Civil Service Advert.
1940s

25. Representation and Affirmative Action
Merit vs.
Representation vs.
Political Control

26. Canadian View of “Human Rights” in the Public Sector- Edmonton Alberta

27. Three Models of Recruitment: Redux
1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage
2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control (“Spoils”) “Schedule C”
3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability

28. Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in “To the Victor belongs the Spoils”

29. 4. Crisis Recruitment: War or Panic (U.K.)

30. Recruitment Problems in the Public Sector
a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment
b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process
c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions

31. Recruitment in Guyana (South America)

32. Mini-Discussion What is the best way to recruit? Political Merit
Representation

33. IV. Human Resource Development and Education
1. The Key to Merit
2. Issue: the difference between Education and Training
3. Professional vs. Management
Video
A Form of Affirmative Action

34. TEN MINUTE BREAK

35. The GI Bill and Affirmative Action
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (better known as the G.I. Bill) provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GIs or G.I.s) as well as one year of unemployment compensation.
Mini-Discussion

36. The Difference: The Dutch System
Education
VWO- Pre-University
Training
VMBO- Vocational
HAVO- General High School

37. Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system-
Importance of "Professional Class”
Role of Professional Schools in producing that class.
U.S model of open System

38. The U.S. System of Recruitment
Early, middle or late entry
Deep political control and
The possibility of "in and out“
Key: Professional Post-Graduate Education

39. A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice
MPA
MPIA
MID Or
MBA
MPH, etc.

40. Closed vs. Open Systems: Age Equals Access to Jobs

41. European Systems- Inherited by Much of World
1. Historically closed
2. Class based and
3. Limited to early entry

42. Theories of Recruitment: John Armstrong's Classification
Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision)
Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model
Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)

43. Differences in Closed Classes
administrative
professional
Executive
Technical
Clerical
Industrial
Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education (France, Germany, U.K.)

44. Top Administrators a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist b. Russia- Engineers
c. France- Legal/Technical
d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist
e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse, Pitt.?

45. VII. Representation: The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates
U.S. - Race and Gender
Europe- Culture and Religion
Asia: Language
South Africa: Ethnicity
VIDEO

46. Recruitment: A Scandinavian Perspective

47. Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid
Concept of training
Public Administration- skills
analogy- business administration and engineering as models
“Technical Assistance” and Development

48. Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

49. Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.
Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa
Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy
Recruitment: The Only Game in Town

50. The Only Game in Town?

51. A Cultural Comparison

52. VIII. Territorial Administration (To be Continued)
Issue: use of Prefects for control: Geographic Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg. Governors in Putin’s Russia
Integrated vs. Un-integrated
Territorial vs. Function (Health or Education)
Special Issues of Recruitment to Work in the Field

53. The French Prefet

54. Question/Discussion
What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your “favorite” countries?