1. PIA2000 Introduction to Public Affairs

2. The More that things change the more they stay the same Video The Functions of Government

3. Summary of Themes: First Six Weeks Week One: Introduction of Comparative Methodology: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Management Week Two: Participation and Public Affairs- Debates about Democracy and Pluralism Week Three: Historical Models vs. Contemporary Models of Government: Law and Order vs. Socio-Economic Change

5. Summary of Themes: Continued Week 4: Socio-economic Motives, Structures and Processes of Governance- Regime Types- Political Economy Week 5: Clients and Group Dynamics: Dysfunctionalism and the Politics of Reform Week 6: Recruitment, Education and Training: Merit vs. Representation vs. Political Control

6. Representation Merit vs. Representation vs. Political Control

7. Overview: This Week- Recruitment, Education and Training I. Human Resource Development Key: Internal Capacity Building? II. Recruitment, Education and Training III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector IV. Human Resource Development: Redux VI. Theories of Recruitment VII. Representation VIII. Territorial Administration

8. I. Human Resource Development Key: Internal Capacity Building? Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital

9. The Strategy

11. Social Capital? How International

12. Strategy of Human Development Understand Concepts explaining transformation Combinations of welfare and human resource development?

14. World Bank Institute

15. HRD Concepts 1. Socialization- More Next week 2. Status vs. Role 3. Counter-Roles 4. Role Theory

16. Role Development

17. “Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”

18. The Issues II. Recruitment, Education and Training

19. The Hierarchy of Needs

20. Alternative Choices-1 1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity) 2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community 3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme) 4. Basic Needs

22. Alternative Choices-2 5. Management Development 6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument? 7. Civil Society- Is this an HRD issue?

23. The Poverty Debate and Education- Waiting for Superman?

24. Alternative Choices-3 8. NGOs, Education and Development: a. Social Development or left wing privatization? b. Scaling-up and self-spreading 9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes) 10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?

25. Gender and Development Issues

26. Societal Development- A Macro-Approach Idea

27. III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected? Civil Service Advert. 1950s

28. Canadian View of Human Rights Public Sector- Edmonton Alberta

29. Three Models of Recruitment: Redux 1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage 2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control (“Spoils”) “Schedule C” 3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability

30. Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844. “To the Victor belongs the Spoils”

31. 4. Crisis Recruitment: War or Panic (U.K.)

32. Mini-Discussion What is the best way to recruit? Political Merit Representation

33. Recruitment Problems a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions

34. Recruitment in Guyana (South America)

35. IV. Human Resource Development: Redux 1. The Key to Merit 2.Issue: the difference between Education and Training 3. Professional vs. Management Video A Form of Affirmative Action

36. TEN MINUTE BREAK

37. The Difference Training Education

38. Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- Importance of "Professional Class” Role of Professional Schools in producing that class. U.S model of open System

39. Closed vs. Open Systems: Age Equals Access to Jobs

40. The U.S. System Early, middle or late entry Deep political control and The possibility of "in and out"

41. A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice

42. European Systems- Inherited by Much of World 1. Historically closed 2. Class based and 3. Limited to early entry

43. Arthur Boyd(1920 - 1999)’S Painting: The Half Caste Child

44. Theories of Recruitment: John Armstrong's Classification Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision) Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)

45. Differences in Closed Classes  administrative  professional  Executive  Technical  Clerical  Industrial Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education (France, Germany, U.K.)

46. Cézanne, “Still life with skull” Monday, March 12, 2007 (French General Elections) The European choice and the elites The European choice and the elites - a la' mode Française - a la' mode Française

47. Top Administrators a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist b. Russia- Engineers c. France- Legal/Technical d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse

48. VII. Representation: The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates U.S. - Race and Gender Europe- Culture and Religion Asia: Language South Africa: EthnicityEthnicity VIDEO

49. Recruitment: A Scandinavian Perspective

50. Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid a. Concept of training b. Public Administration- skills c. analogy- business administration and engineering as models

51. Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

52. Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy Recruitment: The Only Game in Town

53. The Only Game in Town?

54. A Cultural Comparison

55. VIII. Territorial Administration Issue: use of Prefects for control: Geographic Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg. Governors in Putin’s Russia Integrated vs. Un-integrated Territorial vs. Function (Health or Education) Special Issues of Recruitment to Work in the Field

56. The French Prefet

57. Meet the Authors

58. Jamil Jreisat Professor of Political Science at the University of South Florida Born in Jordan of Palestinian origin MPA and PhD, University of Pittsburgh Comparison of What?

59. Jamil Jreisat and Dennis Dresang

60. Discussion Robert N. Kharasch: “The institutional imperative;: How to understand the United States Government and other bulky objects” (Washington D.C. Lawyer) Every action or decision of an institution must be intended to keep the institution machinery working. The expert judgment of an institution, when the matters involve continuation of the institution's operations, is totally predictable, and hence the finding is totally worthless. The finding of threats to security by a security office is totally predictable, and hence the finding is totally worthless.

61. Question/Discussion What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your “favorite” countries?

62. Discussion Revisit: Naipaul, Penn Warren, Lehman (What are you learning?)

63. Next Week’s Authors Joseph Gusfield Guy Peters V.S. Naipaul