1. PIA 2528 Week Seven

2. The Public Service THE RELATIONSHIP TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT

3. Max Weber-1864-1920 Liberalism and the State- Influenced by the Prussian model of the state Note: It was history that influenced the ideas of two late 19th century intellectuals, Karl Marx and Max Weber Myth- Bureaucracy as a neutral actor

4. Governance Issues Focus on Local Government Primary unit of government that has both political leadership and bureaucratic structures

5. Local Government Focus on the Bureaucracy

6. Evolution of Public Sector 1. Traditional 2. Charismatic 3. Legal Rational

7. 1. Traditional- Fused 1. looked back at China, Egypt, Rome and Africa 2. Fused System- magic, mystification and witchcraft 3. Key- gradual move to rational separation of King from government

8. 2. Charismatic- Revolutionary and the Aftermath of French Revolution, 1789-1815 1. State identified with the movement and leader 2. Apex under Napoleon- 3. Allegiance of civil servant to leader- French revolution- emphasis on science and engineering

9. Charismatic 4. Key: Routinization of Charisma -from leader, shift loyalties one step further to nation -basic ministries- finance, foreign affairs, War, Justice, Interior

10. 3. Legal-Rational Model- Modern: specialized/technical: Characteristics a. Merit Selection b. Hierarchy- Chain of Command c. Division of Labor and functional specialization d. Administrative work: full time, no sinecures

11. Legal Rational e. Contractual agreement f. Professional or technical training g. Fixed salaries h. Formal framework of rules and procedures i. Written records and files j. Separation of office from incumbent- bureau from the occupant. eg. the Bureaucrat

12. Local Government 1. Build or Transfer Bureaucratic Capacity from National to Local Government 2. Capacity is the Key to Decentralization 3. Key: Planning Exercise

13. Botswana- 1982 Ten Districts- Four Cities 2,700 Employees of the Unified Local Government Service Assignment: Development of a Training Plan

14. Human Resource Development Louis A. Picard- Botswana Study 1982-1992

15. Table 1: Education and Training Needs of Unified Local Government Service – Summary by Position Classification of Those in Post, February, 1981 * Vacancies include expatriates in position

16. Table 2: Sample Table of Cadre Manpower and Training Positions* * Footnotes to be provided for explanation of assumptions

17. Table 3: Summary of Manpower and Training Needs, 1982 – 1992, by ‘A’ and ‘B’ Posts

18. Table 4a: Proposed Training Programme:Treasury/Revenue Cadre

19. Table 4b: Proposed Training Programme:Treasury/Revenue Cadre, cont.

20. Table 5: Sample of a Cadre Training Scheme

21. Table 6: Summary, Student/Week to be Trained Summary of Student Weeks to be Trained for all Institutions, 1982 – 1986

22. Discussion: Land use, water, basic Needs NGOs, grassroots institutions and civil society in Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Implications on Local Government, Civil Society and Governance Human Resource Skills and Rural Change

23. Next Week Group Discussion: Five Minute Presentation on Governance in each Region Africa Middle East Latin America Asia