1. CHAPTER VIII EXPANSION OF SIMPLE SENTENCES

2. EXPANSION OF THE VERB PHRASE
When we examine verb phrases in English,
we find expansion by means of three sets of auxiliaries: A
MODALS
Can, could; may, might ; will, would; shall, should; must, had to; ought to + infinitive. B
HAVE
Has, have; had+participle. C BE
+gerund (form in –ing)

3. These expansions may be used with the basic patterns along with various combinations like these:
EXPANSION OF THE VERB PHRASE
THE PATTERNS A
They may give her candy.
N1+[MODAL+INF/V 0] +N2+N3 B
They have given her candy.
N1+[HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 C
They are giving her candy.
N1+[BE+V-Ing] +N2+N3 AB
They may have given her candy.
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 AC
They may be giving her candy.
N1+[MODAL+BE+V-ing] +N2+N3 BC
They have been giving her candy.
N1+[HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3
ABC
They may have been giving her candy.
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3

4. The FBI agents could find the files for us. 2 3 4 5 6 7 NO
THE SENTENCES
THE PATTERNS 1
The FBI agents could find the files for us.
N1+[MODAL+INF/V 0] +N2+N3 2
N1+[HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 3
N1+[BE+V-Ing] +N2+N3 4
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 5
N1+[MODAL+BE+V-ing] +N2+N3 6
N1+[HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3 7
The FBI agents could have been finding the files for us
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3

5. My parents would have been buying me the gem stones (Akik)NO
THE SENTENCES
THE PATTERS 1
N1+[MODAL+INF/V 0] +N2+N3 2
N1+[HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 3
N1+[BE+V-Ing] +N2+N3 4
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 5
N1+[MODAL+BE+V-ing] +N2+N3 6
N1+[HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3 7
My parents would have been buying me the gem stones (Akik)
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3

9. Arabic simple sentences

10. Arabic simple passive voice

11. Along with this expansion many sentences can be formed but other auxiliary like “be going to” and “used to” also being introduced into English.
They are comparable to the modals used in the following pattern which is similar in use of verbs like “seem”, “want”, “begin”, “prefer”, and “try ”+’to’. The last three may also follow the pattern of C; they are then comparable to modals as well as to BE. Another set of verbs, for example, “avoid” and “enjoy”, follows the pattern of C, as in the sentence “He avoid giving her candy”.

12. EXPANSION OF THE NOUN PHRASE
The noun may be expanded by determiners and adjectives placed before. In the expansions subclasses of adjectives are observed, though often distinctions become faint. We may illustrate some of these by substituting noun phrases for “they” in the sentence “They gave her candy”. The two large classes placed before nouns are distinguished by their order “determiners”, sometimes called “limiting adjectives”, which stand first in expanded noun phrases, and “descriptive adjectives”, which must follow them.

13. Subclasses of the descriptive adjectives may be recognized from the expansion, for example:
Their old neighbors
Their fine old neighbors
Their fine old retired neighbors
Their many fine old neighbors
All their many fine old neighbors

14. Such long expansions may become absurd, but segments of them are in general use. And it can be noted that participles as well as gerunds and compound adjectives stand closest to nouns. They are preceded by adjectives indicating qualities. These in turn are preceded by adjectives indicating judgments.
Noun phrases may be also expanded by modifying nouns for example:
Their next-door-neighbors

15. Complexities may be added by conjoining
Complexities may be added by conjoining. Still further complexities may be added by the modifying adjectives along with adverbs, for example:
Their very fine neighbors
Their fine, very old neighbors

19. Arabic unique morphological transformation

20. Arabic noun clause?

21. Arabic simple sentences

22. Arabic IC analysis

24. I shall have been reading the people Al-Qur’anNO
THE SENTENCES
THE PATTERNS 1 A
N1+[MODAL+INF/V 0] +N2/+N3 2 B
N1+[HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 3 C
N1+[BE+V-Ing] +N2+N3 4 AB
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+V3] +N2/+N3 5 AC
N1+[MODAL+BE+V-ing] +N2/+N3 6 BC
N1+[HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2/+N3 7
ABC
I shall have been reading the people Al-Qur’an
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2/+N3

25. We will have been telling him the storyNO
THE SENTENCES
THE PATTERNS 1 A
N1+[MODAL+INF/V 0] +N2+N3 2 B
N1+[HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 3 C
N1+[BE+V-Ing] +N2+N3 4 AB
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+V3] +N2+N3 5 AC
N1+[MODAL+BE+V-ing] +N2+N3 6 BC
N1+[HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3 7
ABC
We will have been telling him the story
N1+[MODAL+HAVE+BEEN+V-ing] +N2+N3