1. HUMAN REPRODUCTION SYSTEM
SMPK PENABUR
JAKARTA

2. CHARACTERISTIC OF LIVING ORGANISM: REPRODUCTION
An ability of organism to have progeny
Objection  to sustain revival of its species
Generative
( Sexual)
REPRODUCTION
Vegetative (Asexual)
One parent

3. Human Reproduction System
Generative = ?
Offspring = combination
Initiated by gametes = ovum and sperm
Mating
Fertilization
Offspring

4. Cell division

5. CELL REPRODUCTION
cells division
Cell division
Mitosis
Meiosis

6. CHROMOSOME Every cell contains a set of chromosome
46 chromosomes/23 pairs
Chromosome  genes DNA
INHERITED

9. 2n Differentiation Mitosis Meiosis Number of stage in division Once
Twice
Numver of daughter cells produced
2 daughter cells
4 daughter cells
Number of daughter cells chromosomes in cells
2n (diploid)
 Same as parent’s cell chromosomes
1n (haploid)
 Half number of parent cells chromosomes
Location
Body cell/somatic cells
Sex cell
Purpose of division
Growth, cell repair (regeneration), asexual reproduction
Formation of sex cell with haploid chromosomes 2n n 2n

10. VIDEO
MITOSIS

11. Mitosis Occurs in every living organism’s body, except: SEX CELL
Inherits the characteristics of its parent cell
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

12. Phropase Initial phase in cell division, signified by:
Nucleus membran  disappeared, followed by nucleolus
Chromatins  chromosomes threads  chromatids (thickens and grew shorter)
Chromatids duplicated to form identical pairs
Centrioles  separated and moved to its poles
Centrosome consists of two centrioles

13. Metaphase
Chromatids  located on the equator  pulled by spindle threads
The nuclear membrane disappears completely.
The spindle fully develops
The two pair of centrioles align at opposite poles of the cell.
Microtubule continue to extend from the poles to the center of the cell.

14. Anaphase Each identical pairs of chromatids located
on the separating parts  pulled toward opposite poles
Sister chromatids = “full” chromosome  daughter chromosomes
 Each chromosome is pulled along by its centromere

15. Telophase Chromatids  chromatins Nucleus membranes are formed
Nucleolus appear again
Cytoplasm separated  cytokinesis
Plasma thickened  dividing into two cells
Two identical daughter cells are formed

17. Telophase

18. Meiosis Two phases  meiosis phase I and phase II
Produce four new daughter cells
Half the total chromosomes of the parent cell

19. Meiosis http://www.johnkyrk.com/meiosis.html

21. SPERMATOGENESIS
Occurs in sperm producing organ  testis (tubulus seminiferus)
By special cells  spermatogonia (sperm parent cell)
Spermatogonia  mitosis = primary spermatocytes
Primary spermatocyte  meiosis I = secondary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatozoid  4 spermatid cells  sperm

24. OOGENESIS Occurs in ovarium Oogonium (diploid) in ovarium
Started by mitosis from oogonium to form primary oocytes (diploid).

25. Oogenesis (Cont.) Primary oocytes  meiosis I = 2 cells (diff size)
Larger cell is called oocyte  Meiosis II
Smaller cell is called polar body
Larger cell is called ootid,
smaller called polar body II
Polar body I will meiosis II to form polar body II
Ootid  temporary ovum while three body polar II will generated

26. Oogenesis (Cont.) Oogenesis start in 5 month fetus.
6 months  meiosis of primary oocyte
It will be stopped until puberty
Between this time, primary oocyte in dormant condition.
Female baby  1 million oocytes in ovary
When she grow until pubertas, primary oocytes left 200 thousand

32. HUMAN REPRODUCTION Objective  to have offsprings Sexually
Initiated with copulation (mating)
Copulated followed by internal fertilization
Fertilization  sperm + ovum
Sperm  spermatogenesis.
Ovum  Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis = gamet formation = gametogenesis

33. Male Reproduction System
EXTERNAL ORGAN
INTERNAL ORGAN
TESTES
Duct
Gland
PENIS
SCROTUM (KANTUNG PELIR)

35. Male Reproduction Epididymis Vas deferens (vasa deferentia-plural)
is a tightly coiled mass of thin tubes
carries sperm from the testes to the ductus defe`rens
Store sperms until it mature enough
Vas deferens (vasa deferentia-plural)
One of each testis
Sperm duct
Carries sperm away from the testis

36. Urethra
Transporting urine and sperm
Penis
For copulation
Used to transfer sperm from the male to the female
Prostate Gland
Excrete sperm fluid

37. Urethra
Transporting urine and sperm
Penis
For copulation
Used to transfer sperm from the male to the female
Prostate, Cowper (bulbouretral), seminal vesicle
Excrete sperm fluid

38. Air Mani/Semen Kriteria air mani: Putih susu s/d kekuningan
Media berenang sperma
Mempertahankan kehidupan sperma
Menetralisir asam
Kriteria air mani:
Putih susu s/d kekuningan
pH 7,2, 3-5 mL
> 60% spermatozoa aktif (70% normal)
juta/mL

39. Kantung Air Mani Vesicula Seminalis
Kiri kanan tubuh, di bawah kandung kemih
Mensekresikan cairan yang mengandung fruktosa dan vitamin  energi bagi sperma

40. Kelenjar Prostat Kenari, 14,7 gr Di bawah kandung kemih
Cairan mengandung fosfolipid abu-abu keputihan  menetralkan asam

41. Kelenjar Cowper bulbouretral Sepasang Di bawah kelenjar prostat
Lendir alkalis

42. FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM
Internal Organ
External Organ
Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus
Vagina
Vulva

44. OVARY Primary sex organ (two ovaries) Ovum produced in ovary
There are two oviducts or fallopian tubes  carry egg from ovary to uterus.
Lower end of uterus is cervix or neck of uterus
It protrudes into vagina

45. OVIDUCT
infundibulum
fimbriae

47. UTERUS (WOMB) between the bladder and rectum
From left and right oviduct
Pear-shaped like
End  cervix
nourish and house the fertilized egg until the unborn child, or offspring, is ready to be delivered.
Uterus wall  many layers, blood vessels, excrete mucus
Endometrium   mucous membrane that lines the inside of the uterus (womb)

49. Ovary produce:
Ovum
Estrogen hormone
Progesterone Hormone

50. Puberty – menstruation - gestation

51. Puberty
Sexually mature
Grow faster
Sign?

52. Puberty Video

53. Hormones When puberty, pituitary release: GnRH GnRH  LH and FSH
FSH  follicle
Follicle  estrogen and progesteron

54. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries, which secrete estrogen
Highest amount just before the ovulation
 control the production of sperm
Amount constant

55. Luteinizing Hormone stimulates ovulation
stimulates estrogen and progesterone production from the ovary
stimulating synthesis and secretion of testosterone

56. Negative Feedback

57. Estrogen
stimulates thickening of the uterine wall, maturation of an egg, and development of female sex characteristics.
provides feedback to inhibit FSH secretion and increase LH secretion.
Target:
Hair follicle
Mamary gland/breast
Adipose tissue

58. Progesteron
stimulates thickening of the uterine wall and formation of mammary ducts.
prepares the uterus for implantation of the zygote

59. Male Hormones TESTOSTERON
Secreted by Leydig cells, located between tubulus seminiferus
Play role in Meiosis I
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
Secreted by anterior hipofisis
Stimulated Leydig cells to produce testoteron

60. Production and development of sperm  2 °C lower than body temperature
Follicle Stimulating Hormon (FSH)
Secreted by anterior hypophysis
Stimulate sertoli cells to change spermatid to sperm (spermiasi)
Production and development of sperm  2 °C lower than body temperature

61. Hormones and menstruation video

62. Menstruation
Occurs when the ovum isn’t fertilized

63. MENSTRUATION Occurs when the fertilization doesn’t occur
The uterus wall will rupture
Happened periodically  menstrual cycle
Affected by hormones
First time  menarche
10-16 y.o.
Stop menstruation  menopause
40-50 y.o.

65. Siklus Menstruasi MENSTRUATION PHASE PRA OVULATION PHASE
PASCA OVULASE PHASE

66. PRA OVULATION PHASE
When? Until?
What happened?
Folicle De Graff

67. OVULATION PHASE
What happened?
When?
Hormones?
Corpus Luteum

69. PASCA OVULATION PHASE
Corpus Albicans
So?
For?

70. Pregnancy Gestation After the fertilization (in …..)
Morulla  blastocyst  embryo
Nidation?

71. Test
Test pack
hCG
Symptomps?

72. Development

73. Day
What happened?
0-5
Mitosis 5
reach the uterus 7
attach to the endometrium 12
formation of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
8 week
structure fully developed, placenta develop. The embryo now is fetus

74. Video Blastocyst development

75. Layer of Embryo
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Entoderm

77. Ectoderm
Skin (epidermis)
Nervous system

78. Mesoderm Skeleton Muscle Circulatory system Excretory system
Reproduction system

79. Endodermis
Respiratory system
Digestive system

80. Function??

81. YOLK SAC outside the developing embryo and is connected to the umbilical cord by a yolk stalk. It has function to nourish the embryo at the earliest stages.
AMNION is a liquid where the embryo float. It has function as protection of embryo from shock and bump.
CHORION wrap the amnion and yolk sac
ALLANTOIS has function as respiratory and excretion organ
Function of PLACENTA are for gas, nutrition, and excretion substances exchange between mother and fetus.

82. 1. Gonorrhoea Neisseria gonnorhoea Inflammation and ill + pus
Pregnant woman?
Cured by……

83. 2. Syphilis Raja singa Triponema pallidum
1-3 week after infection  swollen
>6 weeks  other organs
Can enter the placenta
Cured by………… in early stage

85. 3. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Caused by……..
Attack body’s defense mechanism
Dwell in blood and fluid of body
Sexual contact, blood transfusion, organ transplant, syringe, and other contaminated tools
Pregnant woman  fetus
≠talking or touching

86. GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA
AMENORE PRIMER : Adalah tidak terjadinya menarche sampai usia 17 tahun.
AMENORE SEKUNDER : Tidak terjadinya menstruasi selama 3-6 bulan atau lebih.
KANKER GENITALIA : Kanker yang terjadi pada vagina/serviks/ovarium.
ENDOMETRIOSIS : Jaringan endometrium yang berada di luar uterus.
INFEKSI VAGINA : Ditandai dengan keputihan dan gatal-gatal.

87. GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM REPRODUKSI PRIA
HIPOGONADISME : Penurunan fungsi testis yang disebabkan gangguan interaksi hormon. Gangguan ini dapat menyebabkan infertilitas, impotensi dll.
KRIPTORKIDISME : Adalah kegagalan satu atau dua testis untuk turun dari rongga perut ke skrotum
URETRITIS : Radang pada uretra dengan gejala rasa gatal pada penis dan sering buang air kecil.
ORKITIS : Radang pada testis yang disebabkan oleh virus parotitis. Dapat menyebabkan infertilitas.

88. Contraception PIL/injection/implant KB  stop ovulation IUD Tubectomy
Vasectomy

89. Tubectomy

90. Tubectomy

91. Vasectomy