1. Automatically programmed tooling
Submitted by;
Aakash M
M.Tech (CIM)

2. APT
It is a three dimensional NC part programming that was developed in the late 1950s and early 60s.
The most of the CAD/CAM approaches to the part programming are based on APT.
APT is important because many of the concepts incorporated in to it formed the basis for other subsequently developed systems in interactive graphics.
Modern version of APT can be used for both point to point operation and contouring operations in up to five axes.
There are more than 500 words in APT vocabulary.

3. STATEMENTS IN APT
Geometry statements-used to define the geometry elements that comprises the part.
Motion commands-used to specify the tool path.
Post processor statement-control the machine tool operation, feed ,speed etc
Auxiliary statements-a group of miscellaneous statements used to name the part program, Insert comments in the program

4. GEOMETRY STATEMENTS
The geometry of the part must be defined to identify the surface and features that are to be machined.
the points, lines and surfaces must be defined in the part program
GENERAL FORM OF AN APT GEOMETRIC STATNENT
SYMBOL=GEOMETRY TYPE/DESCRIPTIVE DATA

5. SYMBOLS IN GEOMETRIC STATEMENT
P=POINT
L=LINE
C=CIRCLE
PL=PLANE
DESCRIPTIVE STATEMENTS
CENTER=define center
ATANGL=define angle
PARLEL=define parallel
PERPTO=define perpendicular
TANTO=define tangent

6. DEFINE POINT AND LINE P1=POINT/20.0,40.0,60.0 LINE L1=LINE/P1,P2

8. L5=LINE/P2,PARALEL,L3
L6=LINE/P2,PERETO,L3
L7=LINE/P2,PERPTO,XAXIS

9. TANGENT

10. TANGENT COMMAND
L1=LINE/P1,LEFT,TANTO,C1
L2=LINE/P1,RIGHT,TANTO,C1

11. ANGLE

12. L3=LINE,P1,ATANGL,30,XAXIS
L4=LINE/P1,ATANGL,15,L3

13. CIRCLE
C1=CIRCLE/CENTER,P1,RADIUS,32
C1=CIRCLE/CENTER,P1,TANTO,L1

15. Part geometry using APT
P1=POINT/0,0,0
P2=POINT/160.0,0,0
P3=POINT/160.0,60.0,0
P4=POINT/35.0,90.0,0
P5=POINT/70.0,30.0,0
P6=POINT/120.0,30.0,0
P7=POINT/70.0,60.0,0
P8=POINT/130.0,60.0,0
L1=LINE/P1,P2
L2=LINE/P2,P3
C1=CIRCLE/CENTER,P8,RADIUS,30.0
L3=LINE/P4PARLEL,L1
L4=LINE/P4,P1

16. MOTION COMMANDS GENERAL FORM MOTION COMMAND/descriptive statement
The first section indicates what move the tool should make.
Second section tells the tool where to move

17. Motion commands
FROM= It indicating the initial point from which all other geometry elements will be referenced.
GOTO= It instruct the tool to go to a particular point location specified in the descriptive data.
GODLTA= It specifies an incremental move for tool. It is useful in drilling and related operations. The tool can be directed to a hole.

18. GOLFT= Commands the tool to make a left turn relative to the last move.
GORGT = Commands the tool to make a left turn relative to the last move.
GOFWD = Commands the tool to move forward relative to the last move.
GOBACK= Commands the tool to move reverse relative to the last move.
GOUP = Commands the tool to move upward relative to the last move.
GODOWN = Commands the tool to move down relative to the last move.

19. Descriptive data
PTARG= It is the symbol assigned to the starting point
TO= Moves the tool to initial contact with check surface
ON= Positions the tool center on the check surface
PAST= Moves the tool just beyond the check surface

21. program
FROM/PTARG GO/TO,L1,TOPL2,ON,L4 GORGT/L1,PAST,L2 GOLFT/L2,TANTO,C1 GOFWD/C1,PAST,L3 GOFWD/L3,PAST,L4 GOLFT/L4,PAST,L1 GOTO/P0

22. Post processor and auxiliary statement
General form POSTPROCESSOR COMMANDS/descriptive data Post processor command is an APT major word indicating the type of function or action to be accomplished, and the descriptive data consist of APT minor words and numerical values

23. UNITS/MM
CUTTER/20.0
SPINDL/1000
SPINDL/OFF
FEDRAT/40
RAPID
COOLANT/FLOOD
LOADTL/01
DELAY/30

24. AUXILIARY STATEMENT
PARTNO-is the first statement in an apt program used to identify the program
MACHIN-permits the part programmer to specify the post processor
CLRPNT-stands for cutter location point
REMARK-used to insert explanatory remarks
FINI-indicates the end of the program

25. DRILLING SEQUENCE IN APT
PARTNO SAMPLE PART DRILLING OPERATION
MACHIN/DRILL,01
CLPRNT
UNITS/MM
REMARK part geometry. points are defined 10 mm above part surface.
PTARG=POINT/0,-50,10
P5=POINT/70,30,10
P6=POINT/120,30,10
P7=POINT/70,60,10
REMARK Drill bit motion statements.

26. FROM/PTARG
RAPID
GOTO/P5
SPINDL/1000,CLW
FEDRAT/0.05,IPR
GODLTA/0,0,-25
GODLTA/0,0,25
GOTO/P6

27. GOTO/P7
SPINDL/1000,CLW
FEDRAT/0.05,IPR
GODLTA/0,0,-25
GODLTA/0,0,25
RAPID
GOTO/PTARG
SPINDL/OFF
FINI

28. TWO AXIS PROFILE MILLING IN APT
PARTNO SAMPLE PART MILLING OPERATION
MACHIN/MILLING,02
CLPRNT
UNITS/MM
CUTTER/20.0
REMARK part geometry. points are defined 25 mm above part surface.
PTARG=POINT/0,-50,10
P1=POINT/0,0,-25
P2=POINT/160,0,-25

29. P3=POINT/160,60,-25
P4=POINT/35,90,-25
P8=POINT/130,60,-25
L1=LINE/P1,P2
L2=LINE/P2,P3
C1=CIRCLE/CENTER,P8,RADIUS,30
L3=LINE/P4,LEFT,TANTO,C1
L4=LINE/P4,PA
PL1=PLANE/P1,P2,P4
RAMARK milling cutter motion

30. FROM/PTARG SPINDL/1000,CLW FEDRAT/50,IPM GO/TO,L1,TO,PL1,ON,L4
GORGT/L1,PAST,L2
GOLFT/L2,TANTO,C1
GOFWD/C1,PAST,L3
GOFWD/L3,PAST,L4
GOLFT/L4,PAST,L1
RAPID
GOTO/PTARG
SPINDL/OFF
FINI