1. Mali – Bamako Workshop In Labor Statistics (Ls) African Center Of Statistics (ACS) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(ECA),THE United Nations Statistics Division(UNSD) From November 2010

2. Introduction
The Sudan fifth Population census made by central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) was carried during the period (21April – 4 may 2008).
the census of 2008 has provided a wealth of information more than any previous census on a number of social and economical characteristics.

3. Simple comparison between the fourth census 1993 and the fifth Census 2008
Whereas, the population Census of 1993 covered the entire Northern Sudan and about 15% of the population of Southern Sudan, the population Census of 2008 Covered the entire Northern Sudan and all of the population of Southern Sudan.
the census of 1993 involved the use of two questionnaires, the long questionnaire was canvassed for all private households in urban areas and 5% of private households in rural areas and the short questionnaire was used for the remaining households .

4. Refined Activity Rates
Refined Labor Force Participation Rates By Sex And Mode Of Living Northern Sudan 2008,1993 table (1)
Refined Activity Rates
census 2008
census 1993
 Area
Both Sexes
Males
Females
Northern Sudan
37.3
54.8
19.8
48.5
71.3
26.5
Urban
34.6
51.9
16.4
42.4
68.4
14.4
Rural
37.4
54.4
21.2
51.8 73
32.5
As it can be seen from table (1), the refined activity rates census in 2008 in Northern Sudan decreased than in The reason for this was the exclusion of nomads, homeless and institutional population from the census of 1993.
Besides educational development among urban areas, number of women working in informal sectors has been increased. Therefore, there was a noticeable increase in female refined activity rate in 2008; whereas in rural areas the female refined activity rate has decreased due to seasonal factors such rainy season.
One of the factors affected decrease of males defined activity rates in 2008 is immigration.

5. Refined Labor Force Participation Rates chart By Sex And Mode Of Living Northern Sudan 2008,1993

6. Refined Activity Rates census 2008
Table (2)
Refined Activity Rates census 2008
Age Grube
Northern Sudan 2008
Northern Sudan 1993
Total
37.3
48.50
10 -14
13.3
24.22
15 -19
23.0
36.95
35.0
49.42
46.3
57.33
51.6
63.78
54.3
63.01
56.1
64.94
57.4
54.9
64.11
53.2
64.22
45.6
62.22
42.2
49.75
32.7
75 and over
22.4
As globally known, we can see from table (2), the activity rate increases from age 25 and starts decreasing from age 59 in both censuses.
If we change this information into charts, we find that the chart of 2008 census is more consistent than the one of 1993 which has some unreliable waves.

7. Chart (2)

8. Refined Activity Rates census 2008
Table (2)
Refined Activity Rates census 2008
Age Grube
Total Sudan
Northern Sudan
Southern Sudan
Total
43.7
37.3
70.0
10 -14
22.6
13.3
58.5
15 -19
30.6
23.0
60.6
41.5
35.0
68.2
52.3
46.3
75.4
57.1
51.6
79.3
59.6
54.3
82.2
60.9
56.1
83.0
62.6
57.4
83.4
59.4
54.9
81.3
57.8
53.2
78.7
50.3
45.6
75.9
44.6
42.2
56.4
32.7
49.5
75 and over
26.3
22.4
49.7

9. It is obvious from the previous table that the refined activity rate is higher in South Sudan than in Northern Sudan. The analytical report of 2008’s census is not yet issued to explain thoroughly why this difference took place, but the demographers in CBS - Khartoum approximately agreed upon some reasons as follows;
The nomads included in 2008 census are all found in Northern Sudan; there are no nomads in South Sudan, which might have decreased the refined activity rate in the North.
In South Sudan we find that most of the family members (males, females and even children) work in there own properties as farmers. On the other hand, in the North only the household works and children go to school.
The percentage of female workers in the South is higher than in the North due to culture difference.

10. Finally, I would like to thank all who contributed in this workshop and the participants. I am very happy to be with you in this workshop exchanging experience with you in the field of Sudanese statistical fifth census representing my regional side.