1. Ancient India

2. Chapter Three Section Two
Hinduism and Buddhism
Chapter Three
Section Two

3. India Objective Trace the impact of Indo-
European migration on migration on language, literature,
technology, religion, and social classes

4. Setting the Stage
as Aryans and non-Aryans mixed, so did the belief in their gods; this resulted in a religion that worships thousands of different deities (gods)
different ways of living and different beliefs made life more complex for both groups
began to question the world, their place in it, and the enormous wealth and power held by the Brahmin priests

5. Hinduism Evolves over Centuries
Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed
slowly over a long period of time
some aspects of the religion can be traced back to ancient
times
Hinduism is very complex and cannot be traced back to one
founder, book, or single set of ideas
** Hinduism is the 3rd largest religion in the world and the
sacred sound is the “OM or AUM” **

6. Hinduism Evolves over Centuries
Hindus share a common
worldview
Hindus see religion as a way of
liberating the soul from
the illusions, disappointments,
and mistakes of everyday
existence
the Upanishads
(oo*PAHN*ih*shahdz) are the
collection of interpretations of the
Vedic hymns and prayers

7. Hinduism Beliefs Moksha: a state of perfect understanding of all
things
Atman: individual soul of a living
person
Brahman: the world soul that
contains and unites all
Atmans
** Reincarnation: an individual soul
or spirit is born
again and again
until moksha is
achieved **
Circle of Rebirth

8. Hinduism Beliefs Karma: good or bad deeds follows
from one reincarnation to
another
Dharma: means one's righteous
duty or any virtuous path

9. Hinduism Beliefs
Brahman is too complex to understand so people have broken it into different gods:
Brahma = creator
Vishnu = protector
Shiva = destroyer
each family is to chose the deities that they want to worship
different paths to Moksha = right thinking, right action, or religious devotion

10. Hinduism and Society
Hindu ideas about karma and reincarnation strengthened the caste system
example: born to a higher caste due to good karma from a former life
good karma brought good fortune and bad karma resulted in bad fortune
Hinduism and its caste structure dominated every aspect of a persons life:
determined what one could eat and the way in which one ate it
personal cleanliness
people who one could associate with
how one dressed
** Hindus believe that people could move up in the caste system by the law of karma **

11. New Religions Arise rise of two other religions
Jainism (JY*nihz*uhm)
Buddhism
Mahavira (599 B.C. – 527 B.C.) = the founder of Jainism
Janisim believes that everything in the universe has a soul and so should not be harmed

12. The Buddha seeks enlightenment
Siddhartha Gautama =
(sihd*DAHR*tuh GOW*tuh*muh)
founder of Buddhism
prophecy indicated:
stayed home = world ruler
left home = universal spiritual leader

13. Siddhartha’s Quest
“When he was 29, he ventured outside the palace four times. First, he saw an old man, next a sick man, then a corpse, and finally a wandering holy man who seemed at peace with himself. Siddhartha understood these events to mean that every living thing experiences old age, sickness, and death and that only a religious life offers a refuge from this inevitable suffering. Siddhartha decided to spend his life searching for religious truth and an end to life’s suffering.”

14. Siddhartha’s Quest
wandered through the forests of India for six years seeking enlightenment
Enlightenment: a state of perfect wisdom in which one
understands basic truths about the universe
meditated for 49 days where he achieved an understanding of the cause and suffering of the world
from this point on, he was known as the Buddha meaning “the enlightened one”
four main ideas that he called the Four Noble Truths; mastery would occur over many lifetimes

15. Origins and Beliefs
the Eightfold Path – guide to behavior – was mastered one step at a time
by following the Eightfold Path anyone could reach nirvana
Nirvana: the release from pain and suffering achieved after
enlightenment
** Buddhism is a belief in the four noble truths and the eightfold path **

16. ** Wheel of Law is a sacred symbol of Buddhism**
Origins and Beliefs
** Wheel of Law is a sacred symbol of Buddhism**

17. Buddhism and Trade in India
faith spread over large parts of Asia
never gained a significant foothold in India
central trade routes – called the Silk Roads – all the way to China

18. Essential Question
Do you believe in reincarnation? Why or why not? Provide one reason as to how the belief in reincarnation provides a form of social control.
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet

19. India Objective Trace the impact of Indo-
European migration on migration on language, literature,
technology, religion, and social classes