1. Ergonomics and Management style

2. Ergonomic and Management style presentation
Presented by
Kassu Jilcha
Instracture Dr,Ing. Daniel Kitaw
And
Co.Advisor ; Mr. Gulilat Gatew
May, 2009

3. Outlines of the presentation
Introduction and background
Ergonomics and managements
Ethiopian context and Case company
Conclusion and recommendation

4. Introduction
The main aim of this material is to provide lecturers with an introduction to the field of 'ergonomics' within the context of engineering, management style and product design education, and to provide them with an introduction to the skills useful for the appreciation, analysis and application of ergonomics at all stages of the design activity.
The definition of ergonomics is fitting theperson to the job s/he capable not fitting the job by press to the person.

5. Cont’d
Ergonomics and management style in developed parts of the world has reached its better condition even though it is a new science to many than the developing country. Different developed countries are using ergonomics management program and evaluation of its final output. But to developing countries ergonomics implementation and use are not visualized. It is to difficult to management to accept its application to the management.

6. Cont’d
The main problems to ergonomics management program implementation problems to organization are:
New case
Ergonomics as “soft engineering
Cost benefit justification
Resistance to change
These core points are the big issues in which an organization refuse not to accept ergonomics to the work places.

7. Benefits of this paper Some of the benefits are:
Sets the vision on ergonomics fundamental use to managements
Introduces its program implementation and preparation of checklist to any organizations
Shows how ergonomics reduce scrap and increase productivity by best management style
Helps any researcher who needs to go a head his work on this topic and related

8. Scope and the limitation
The scope is on ergonomics management aspects and benefits
Limitations are so many to this paper. Some of them are unavailability of data scince it is not known in our country. Lack of awareness to ergonomics in organizations. Time bounds and money constraints. Ergonomics is applied to managements system if and only if the management knows about ergo. In our context “ergonomics is not known’, said Ato Wubalem Damsei of Addis Ababa city workers and training officer

9. 2.Ergonomics and management
Ergonomics is concerned with the application of knowledge about human beings so that systems, tasks, products and environments can be produced which are appropriate for human use
The name comes from the Greek words ergo (work), and nomos (management or organization). Other terms for ergonomics include ergonomics engineering and human factors design

10. Cont’d
Industrial engineering and ergonomics deals with the - respectively systematic - analysis, order and design of technical, organizational and social conditions of work processes with the aim that humans in productive and efficient working processes are facing
Ergonomics: Fitting the task to the person is what ergonomics is really
Ergonomics is a science concerned with the ‘fit’ between people and their work. It puts people first, taking account of their capabilities and limitations.

11. Cont’d
Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to workers' capabilities
Scope of Ergonomics
Ergonomics includes interventions aimed at improving work, products and services at both the level of the individual (micro-ergonomics) and at the level of the work organization (macro-ergonomics).

12. Assessments of Ergonomics
Ergonomists consider all the physical aspects of a person such as
body size and shape;
fitness and strength;
posture;
the senses, especially vision, hearing and touch; and
The stresses and strains on muscles, joints, nerves

13. Cont’d
Ergonomists also consider the psychological aspects of a person, such as:
mental abilities;
personality;
knowledge; and
Experience
The purpose of ergonomics is to analyze existing work conditions and systematically prepare acquired knowledge, and then derive design rules from it.
Ergonomics is a fairly young discipline

14. Understanding Ergonomics at Work and its Benefits
Good ergonomics for managements can:
Shortens learning times
Makes the job quicker with less fatigue
Improves care of machines
Reduces absenteeism
Reduces labor turnover and other signs of worker malcontent
Meets the requirements of health and safety legislation

15. Cont’d
Within management services various principles exist; for example,
work-place design
motion economy
rest allowances
job satisfaction and
environmental control
It is important for the manager and supervisor to be conscious of the effect that the application of ergonomics has in the average workplace. Ergonomic principles are important in the constant search for productivity improvement.

16. Ergonomics Program managements and Elements
The purpose of an ergonomics program managements is similar to that of any safety and health program—to help employers ensure that problems are identified and controlled, that any medical concerns are addressed and resolved as quickly as possible and that employees are protected

17. Cont’d
At the core of the program is management’s commitment to implementing and managing the program and getting the employees involved in the process. Additionally, ergonomics programs typically contain these core elements:
Identification of problem jobs/areas
Development of control measures
Training and education
Appropriate healthcare management of ergonomics-related cases

18. Cont’d major program management elements are: worksite analysis,
hazard prevention and control, considers
Engineering controls
Work practice controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Administrative controls
medical management, and
training and education.

19. A Flow Diagram for Ergonomics Program Management ergo diagram.doc
Management Commitment
Management commitment allows for
effective allocation of time and resources
to minimize the risk of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) throughout the organization and
provides the necessary support and motivation to realize the many benefits of an effective ergonomics program

20. Employee Participation and Involvement
›?`Ô•T>”M ((Ergonomic) MKNÃèC
Employees can demonstrate their commitment by:
Identifying ergonomics issues
Participating in control measure development and implementation
Contributing to ergonomics teams or committees
Reporting early signs and symptoms of physical problems

21. A Team Approach
Teams can be assembled to accomplish a variety of goals including:
Establishing, documenting and managing the overall ergonomics program
Tracking trend information for hazard identification
Identifying, prioritizing, analyzing and correcting ergonomics hazards or workplace deficiencies
Performing workplace assessments to address employee complaints or medical incidents
Testing new processes, tools, equipment or work methods

22. Team approaches

23. Training for the Team of ergonomics
To be effective, the team should be appropriately trained to identify, prioritize, analyze and correct ergonomic hazards or deficiencies in the workplace
To assist the ergonomics team, sub teams can be effective in identifying ergonomic problems, implementing corrective measures, pilot testing control measures, evaluating job methods, etc.

24. Ergonomics control strategies
Engineering controls are those modifications to the workplace that fundamentally change the employee exposure by physically modifying the work or workplace.
Work practice controls are those modifications to the work methods used by the employee to reduce exposure to ergonomic stressors.
Administrative controls are those control measures designed to reduce exposure of the employees to ergonomic stressors through the development of specific policies/procedures such as use of check lists.

25. Documentation of Ergonomic Improvements
As companies take steps to control ergonomic stressors in the workplace, it is imperative to track and document improvements that affect employee morale, productivity and quality. Time, effort and money spent on these projects should be documented in a manner that allows the organization to continue its efforts to eliminate ergonomic stressors as new processes enter the workplace.
Ergonomic projects and improvements should be documented regardless of size, impact, cost or scope

26. Administrative Management
Ergonomics Training Practices
Training and education are an integral part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the incidence and severity of work-related injuries, particularly those that often have a pattern of gradual onset such as cumulative trauma disorders .The specifics of the training that are management training, ergonomic team training, shop floor employee training

27. Cont’d 2. Employee Placement Strategies
While job placement strategies are not regarded as the “ultimate solution” to ergonomic concerns, for jobs that do not present feasible engineering controls or administrative controls, they represent measures that can be used to improve the fit between specific, high-challenge jobs and the capabilities of job candidates . All efforts should be made to use engineering controls to reduce stresses to levels that present little or no risk to the widest possible segment of the working population.

28. Cont’d 3. Management of musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD)
Organizations must address the reactive (after injury) as well as the proactive (before injury) aspects of ergonomics. A health care delivery system, or MSD management program, should be established to provide injured employees with prompt care for evaluation, treatment and follow-up of workplace MSD problems. An effective MSD management system can benefit both employers and employees by minimizing injuries, reducing time away from work, reducing the severity of an injury and reducing medical costs .

29. General Process for Managing MSD Cases

30. Cont’d 4. Ergonomics management program Evaluation
Typical evaluation techniques include
Qualitative methods (question/answer type responses)
Quantitative ones (compiling numbers and measures from various sources).
The most successful ergonomics programs show reductions in ergonomics-related incidence, reductions in severity of cases and reductions in costs associated with the incidents over a period of time.

31. Implementation of ergonomics
Management accomplishment organizational goals by
planning,
organizing,
leading, involving and
controlling the entire activity . So who does these all should first train and have awareness about the ergonomics in the organization. The difficult is seen in Ethiopia nowadays about the implementation.

32. Resistance to implement ergonomics to any organization
Resistance to change; since ergonomics is new idea to many people, resistance about its implementation is expected.
Ergonomics as “soft engineering: it is occasional referred to as soft engineering discipline due to its involvement with people.
Cost benefit justification: the economic benefits of ergonomics may not be seen immediately, but its cost easily may be determined. This fact always inhibits the top management commitment and makes ergonomics hard to sell. The immediate benefits of ergonomics are the safe, comfort, and well-being of the employees.
New case: when a new ergonomics program is initiated, more reported case of work related disorders should be expected

33. Benefits ergonomics to the managements
Reduced direct or indirect medical costs associated with accidents and injuries
Reduced workers compensation premium
Reduced first aids cases and costs
Reduced workers compensation claims
Reduced costly citations
Reduced rates or probabilities of liability litigation

34. Cont’d Good system reliability Decreased employee absenteeism
Lower employee turnover rates
Decreased lost time and need for over time
Fewer lost work days
Fewer days of restricted duty
Decreased product reworks and materials costs
Improved productivity especially when accompanied with higher quality
Improved product quality and customers satisfactions etc

35. 3.Ethiopian Context and Case Company
Ergonomics in Ethiopian Context
Ergonomics or human factor is not only a new science for Ethiopian industries but also for the world industries. In Ethiopia most of the industries and service sectors do not have awareness and what ergonomics engineering is by it self is a magic concept.
According to the research presentation by International Labour Organization (ILO) conference took place in the Addis Ababa exhibition center on April28, 2009, the Ethiopian industries and service sectors do not aware of ergonomics principle and management system from the aspect of ergonomics.

36. Cont’d
In some of developed countries such as USA companies had got the awareness on the ergonomics benefits and management for their most of organization.
Ergonomics and management style in our country is a new science that awareness about the ergonomics and management style needed strongly by the top managements, ministries, and other Head Quarters of the country

37. Company case of FFSC
Faffa Food Share Company is one of the leading food factory in Ethiopia engaged in the production of infant Pre-cooked baby foods, semi-cooked supplementary foods, protein enriched and fortified foods, Emergency foods and wheat flour.It is located 10km away from center of the city and established in 1962.
The company has the responsibility of producing different types of food that needs safety management.

38. Company views toward ergonomics management benefits
1. Does the company have know-how about ergonomics?
Not only this company but also the whole country do not have the principle of ergonomics application according to the researcher presentation by International Labour Organization (ILO) conference took place on April28, 2009 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The companies normally have the safety rules for the workers during accident occurrence, before accident occurrence and after accident occurred but it concentrates on the fire and chemical aspects of safety more.

39. Cont’d 2. Ergonomics management policy
The company has safety management policy for the food produced and the accidents may occur in the company. It does not includes all the ergonomics aspects and its management style
In general the company has no ergonomics management policy due to the lack of awareness to ward ergonomics aspect as it is a new science

40. Problems of managements

41. Cont’d Does the company have Check lists?
The company check list is regarding the safety management of food quality only. The working conditions, environmental conditions, work place conditions and workers conditions have no check list. The check list helps company to control all the activities of the company and state of working condition at the moment

42. Cont’d Do the workers have all rights?
According to “Workers and employers affair” proclamation, Article 92/93 put all the necessary requirements needed for employees. But the workers and the employers since do not know well their right, the workers are under stress on jobs. In the industry the workers do not allocate to the job by their will and skill or capacity limitation. It is a press by force type allocation. This is why most Ethiopian educated people are in lack of job.

43. Summery of the Case
The Ethiopian context of ergonomics management style even put as one rule for the workers and employers the following problems exist.
No implementation of ergonomics at first
No ergonomics check lists
No effective policy implementation
No know-how of ergonomics function to the company

44. The methods used to set benefits of ergonomics to managements
Learn more about ergonomics function
Set rule and regulation for ergonomics
Train the management to create awareness on ergonomics benefits
Set ergonomics benefits
Develop ergonomics model and program of implementation
Reduce the resistances to implement ergonomics approaches
Cohere ergonomics with TQM and BPR teams

45. 4. Conclusion and recommendation
Ergonomics is the art of fitting the person to the work than fitting the work to the person by force. But it is a new science that implementation process is getting difficult in our country and industry. So the management do no know the benefits of ergonomics. This brought many industries work and workers relation ship impact to negative state. I hope that if ergonomics approaches are followed in Ethiopia factory, the complains and the productivity problems were minimized.

46. Cont’d
Ergonomics and management approaches are very important for the following reasons.
For administrative managements
For engineering managements
For workforce managements
These benefits of ergonomics for managements are:
Reduced direct or indirect medical costs associated with accidents and injuries
Reduced medical insurance premium
Reduced workers compensation premium
Reduced first aids cases and costs
Reduced workers compensation claims
Reduced costly citations
Reduced rates or probabilities of liability litigation
Good system reliability
Decreased employee absenteeism
Lower employee turnover rates
Decreased lost time and need for over time
Fewer lost work days

47. Recommendation
The ergonomics and management style in the context of our industries are not reaching the acceptable stages as it is a new science not only for Ethiopia bet also for the worlds according to the International Labour organization investigation. Ethiopian should implement
Ergonomics benefits and managements to company
Administrative control concerning ergonomics
Training and teaching the top managements about the benefits of ergonomics there by he set rules and check lists for the organizations workers safety and
Setting check lists for ergonomics program implementations to help the organizations

48. Thank you
for you
patience